J Res Med Sci
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Vitamin D has an important role in bone metabolism but recently has been recognized as an immunoregulator, and this has led to investigations on the effect of Vitamin D supplementation in various autoimmune diseases and its anti-inflammatory effects. There is some evidence that Vitamin D can regulate gastrointestinal inflammation. In addition, previous studies have shown that Vitamin D can affect the gut microbiome. ⋯ Several cell types of the immune system express Vitamin D receptor, and hence the use of Vitamin D in immune regulation has some potential. Furthermore, Vitamin D deficiency leads to dysbiosis of gut microbiome and reported to cause severe colitis. Vitamin D supplementation is low cost and available and can be a therapeutic option.
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Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in renal transplant recipients is common and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the incidence of NMSC among renal transplant recipients. ⋯ The results of the current meta-analysis demonstrated that the incidence of NMSC in renal transplant recipients varies widely. Regarding the high incidence of NMSC among renal transplant recipients, awareness of associated risk factors and early diagnosis of the malignancy in the population is a major clinical need.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is known as a progressive lung disease and the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Despite valuable efforts, there is still no accurate diagnostic and prognostic tool for COPD. Hence, it seems that finding new biomarkers could contribute to provide better therapeutic platforms for COPD patients. ⋯ Multiple lines of evidence have indicated that extracellular vesicles such as exosomes could carry a variety of cargos (i.e., mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins) which transfer various cellular and molecular signals to recipient cells. Here, we summarized various miRNAs which could be applied as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in the treatment of patients with COPD. Moreover, we highlighted the role of extracellular vesicles containing miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in COPD patients.
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Review
One-anastomosis gastric bypass as an alternative procedure of choice in morbidly obese patients.
One-anastomosis gastric bypass is an attractive bariatric procedure. It is effective in weight loss and comorbidity resolution. ⋯ In this article, we review the technique of this procedure and discuss about some practical surgical highlights. Furthermore, we overview studies performed about this procedure and compare it to some other well-established bariatric operations, while providing a detailed study about the facts related to its outcomes and complications.
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Wilson disease (WD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by excessive copper deposition in the body, principally in the liver and the brain. There is a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, but the most significant and basic symptoms of the disease can be divided into hepatic, neurologic, and psychiatric manifestations. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides more detailed anatomical information than computed tomography of the brain, especially of the structure of the basal ganglia and brain stem. In this review, we want to evaluate the correlation between MRI findings and clinical features of WD.