Niger J Clin Pract
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Medical students' assessment is an important aspect of medical undergraduate training that requires periodic review to achieve objectivity and improve training. We reviewed the outcome and factors that influenced outcome of undergraduate students' final surgery examination. ⋯ CA is the single most important determinant of success in final surgery examination, while MCQs constitutes the most difficult aspect of the examinations. Irrespective of method of assessment, females seem to do better than males.
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: Known to cause important metabolic disturbances, weight gain becomes a major health problem after smoking cessation. Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is becoming increasingly popular in the detection of cardiometabolic risks in several disorders and general population. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of quitting smoking on VAI levels. ⋯ Although body weight increases significantly after quitting smoking, VAI levels, an indicator of cardiovascular risks, decrease significantly, especially in men or obese patients.
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In chronic instability of syndesmosis, osteoarthritis and poor functional outcome were seen more prevalently. To avoid diastasis of ankle joint, the affected distal tibiofibular syndesmosis should be restored. We evaluated the clinical and radiological results of operative treatment of ankle fractures in patients who required syndesmotic stabilization. ⋯ In ankle fractures, if diastasis of distal tibiofibular joint is present, syndesmosis should be fixed for both Weber Type B and C fractures. The most important predictor of good clinical outcome is accurate reduction of the syndesmosis.
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: Exposure to heavy metals is considered as the main threat to human health and biological system. Darbandikhan Lake is one of the three large lakes in Kurdistan, Northern Iraq; it is currently at a high risk of pollution by sewage and municipal wastes. The current study was designed to highlight the potential association between concentration of heavy metals and carcinogenicity in people who live in Darbandikhan and the surrounding area. ⋯ Discrepancies in the serum level of heavy metals of cancer group might reveal the involvement of heavy metal as a contributing factor of carcinogenicity in these areas.