Niger J Clin Pract
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The female breast is a symbol of femininity and aesthetics having a great psychosocial impact on the woman's sense of wellbeing and self-esteem. To optimize satisfaction of patients in cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgeries, there is a need to define the dominant breast size and shape that connotes feminine attractiveness. This necessitates the knowledge of ideal data for normal nulliparous female breast parameters and volume for various body sizes in the particular population, nationality, and race. ⋯ Breast values and related body size parameters were noted to be comparatively higher than earlier reported values mostly for the Asian population.
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Treatment of total genital prolapse in elderly patients is still controversial in terms of postoperative objective and subjective results. ⋯ Le Fort operation could be the intervention of choice in sexually inactive elderly patients with stage 3 or 4 pelvic organ prolapse.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused not only viral infection-related deaths, but also uncontrollable psychological problems and anxiety in different parts of society. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in adaption of a comprehensive online education period that has not been previously experienced in modern education. ⋯ The emergency online remote education practices during the COVID-19 pandemic caused anxiety in dentistry students. It is expected that only distance education practices would be insufficient, and blended education models consisting of distance and face-to-face practices should be implemented.
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Anchorage control is one of the components in the treatment of extraction cases. However, what determines more or less anchorage loss is still an unanswered question. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the most important factors contributing to the anchorage loss of maxillary first molars in premolar extraction cases. ⋯ Compared with treatment-related factors, the patient's physiological characteristics play a more important role in anchorage loss. The pre-treatment angulation of the maxillary first molar is the most influential factor in changes to maxillary molar angulation, which are often predisposing anchorage loss.
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The recurrence or exacerbation of phantom limb pain (PLP) induced by spinal anesthesia in patients with amputated limbs is rare, but it can occur in any amputee. A 76-year-old woman with an amputated right knee underwent three left knee surgeries with spinal anesthesia over a period of 6 months. She did not experience PLP in the previous two surgeries but experienced the recurrence of severe PLP after the third surgery for the left knee amputation. ⋯ Regional blocks can induce PLP in amputees. In addition, PLP can be triggered and exacerbated by psychological factors. Therefore, we suggest that physicians check the patient's psychological state and provide adequate mental stability when performing surgeries with spinal anesthesia in amputated patients.