Niger J Clin Pract
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Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal malignancy in Nigeria with a dismal 5-year survival rate. Interactions between the CD8+ T-lymphocytes and the immune checkpoints such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressions are important. Novel antibodies have been developed against these immune checkpoints and have been found to improve clinical outcome in many solid organ malignancies. ⋯ PD-L1 expression in CRC was low (5.6%) and showed strong associations with higher tumor grades (P < 0.013), right-sided tumors (P < 0.002), and rectal cancer. There was no association with age, tumor stage, and lymph node status.
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Primary nephrotic syndrome is an important cause of chronic renal failure in childhood. Important neuronal complications may develop during the disease. ⋯ Texture analysis may be helpful in demonstrating brain parenchymal involvement in paediatric patients with primary nephrotic syndrome by showing changes that are not recognised on conventional images.
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Oral health and edentulism significantly impact quality of life (QoL). However, the relationship between oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) and sexual function remains unclear. ⋯ OHQoL is associated with sexual function in women. Following dental treatment and oral rehabilitation, FSFI scores increased, and the prevalence of SD decreased.
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Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberan is a locally aggressive tumor that can be challenging to manage if it becomes recurrent. The best attempt at achieving cure is the first surgery. ⋯ Multidisciplinary care offers good outcomes when reconstructive needs are catered for. In our resource-poor setting, it will be beneficial to have an adequate (more than 5 cm margin) excision margin followed by reconstruction of defects by surgeons with adequate training in management of the pathology and tissue reconstruction.
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The middle meningeal artery (MMA) is the leading supplier of the cranial dura and serves as a donor blood channel in craniotomy and cerebrovascular bypass procedures. However, the complex embryology of the MMA and population differences give rise to several anatomic variations that are of great importance in head injuries pertaining to the petrous and squamous parts of the temporal bone. Similarly, care must be taken to protect the artery during surgical operations that involve the maxillary artery and the vidian nerve. ⋯ The longer PB and the larger angle of the MMA in males could be attributed to why there is a high incidence of chronic subdural hematomas and MMA aneurysms in males. The current study is the first to propose a possible explanation for the aforementioned findings with regard to the organization of the MMA.