Pak J Med Sci
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Hydronephrosis (HN) is dilatation of the collecting system of the kidney due to obstruction of urine outflow. This study intended firstly, to investigate the efficacy of ultrasound (US) imaging to determine the cause of HN, and secondly, to list the causes of HN. ⋯ Ultrasound imaging can determine the cause of HN in more than two thirds of patients. Calculi are the most common cause of HN even in children and are most common in the VUJ junction.
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To determine the clinical and radiological outcome of proximal femur shaft fractures in school going children treated with locking compression plates (LCP). ⋯ The results of our study indicated that proximal femoral shaft fractures in school going children treated with locking compression plates had excellent clinical and radiological outcome. We therefore recommend locking compression plate as the implant of choice to fix proximal femoral shaft fractures in school going children.
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A new predictive criterion is being proposed for the determination of cytokine storm (CS) in COVID-19 (COVID-CS). It is comprised of results of laboratory that associate the pro-inflammatory status, systemic cell death, multi-organ tissue damage, and pre-renal electrolyte imbalance. ⋯ It helps to understand the nature of the virus by following a specific criterion to predict the disease. The SARS-CoV-2 tells us in few days what nature has decided for the patient i.e., recovery, death or permanent disability.
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To compare the early operative outcome of TOF repair with three contemporary repair strategies of RVOTO repair i.e. TAP, Mono-cusp construction (MC) in TAP and pulmonary valve repair. ⋯ PV repair strategy should be employed for RVOT repair of TOF whenever feasible. MC repair showed fewer hours of postoperative mechanical ventilation and higher incidence of easy weaning from CPB when compared to TAP, however its impacts over ICU stay, Hospital stay and operative mortality is not profound in our TOF repair population.
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Lady Health Workers (LHWs) form the central cadre of community-based health workers in Pakistan. They must be trained well for implementing community-based interventions identified for Essential Package of Health Services (EPHS) by the government of Pakistan. This study aims to explore the perceptions of LHWs and their trainers about their existing curriculum and identifies gaps in the curriculum for effective implementation of the interventions identified in EPHS. ⋯ The current curriculum of LHWs need reforms to make it compatible with Essential Package of Health Services for Pakistan. The suggested areas for improvement include knowledge of emerging health issues, neonatal resuscitation, adolescent problems, mental health and rehabilitative services.