Pak J Med Sci
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Radiology has played a significant role in the diagnosis and quantifying the severity of COVID 19 pulmonary disease. This study was conducted to assess patterns and severity of COVID-19 pulmonary disease based on radiological imaging. ⋯ Most common patterns on CT scans were GGO and crazy paving. While on chest radiographs, bilateral lung involvement with alveolar pattern and consolidation were most common findings. On X-rays, majority had severe/critical whereas CT scan had mild/moderate findings.
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Surgery has a rich history, and in order to understand the various training pathways for aspiring surgeons one must have an appreciation of the evolution of surgery. This manuscript aims to deliver a brief review of the history of surgery, and explore the historical moments that have shaped the training pathway of surgeons in the United Kingdom (UK), and in doing so disseminate the latest information about surgical training in the UK.
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To see perception and knowledge of women about Ramadan fasting and maternal effects of fasting. ⋯ Ramadan fasting does not affect maternal outcomes during pregnancy.
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Although gestational diabetes is the most common metabolic disease in pregnancy some pregnant women still refuse to undergo oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavior of pregnant women undergoing OGTT, and to compare perinatal results between women who undergo and refuse OGTT. ⋯ Maternal complications and poor pregnancy results were found slightly higher in pregnant women who refused OGTT. These results might be explained by assuring glycemic control in pregnant women who refused OGTT by a series of fasting and postprandial blood sugar measurements in our center.
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The objective of this study was to assess the utility of novel macular hole indices of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and predicting the functional outcome of surgery. ⋯ Novel macular hole indices can be used as a tool to predict the functional outcomes of macular hole surgery. Larger studies may be required to assess their wider effectiveness.