Pak J Med Sci
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To determine the external validity of STONE score for predicting the probability of ureteral stone in patients presenting in emergency department with suspicion of ureteral stones. ⋯ Based on our study results, CT scan and ultrasonography are standard diagnostic tools for suspected ureterolithiasis but in emergency unit, use of STONE score to categorize the patient as low risk, moderate-risk and high-risk of ureteral stone can help the physician (clinician) to take decision either there is a need of further investigation or not.
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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) can sample broad domains of knowledge efficiently and reliably. The MCQs of lower order C1(Cognitive Level1=Recall of knowledge) do not fulfill this purpose and those of higher cognitive order C2 (Cognitive Level2=Interpret) &C3(Cognitive Level3=Analyze) are better at assessing the problem solving capabilities of the student. Every good educational activity must be supported by quality examination to complete the objectives of a curriculum. The objective of the study was to evaluate MCQs presently being used in internal examinations of medical colleges in Lahore. ⋯ The cognitive level of assessment tool s MCQs is quiet low in both groups especially clinical scenario construction can be improved. Mistakes in spellings, grammar and conceptual mediocrity is common in both groups.
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To explore the effect of manipulative reduction combined with air enema on intestinal mucosal immune function in children with intussusception. ⋯ Manipulative reduction combined with air enema reduction can relieve pain and air injection pressure during enema, reduce reperfusion injury caused by intestinal ischemia, and protect intestinal mucosal immune function, which is a favored treatment.
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To assess the episodes of pneumonia and diarrhea in vaccinated and unvaccinated children under 60 months of age. ⋯ There is significant reduction in cases of severe pneumonia in children receiving pneumococcal vaccine as compared to children receiving Rota vaccine there is moderate reduction in cases of severe diarrhea. The overall coverage of Pneumococcal and Rota vaccines was higher in our sample population. Efforts should be made to increase the awareness of Rotavirus vaccination in order to have better coverage in future.
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To determine the diagnostic accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid lactate level in confirmed cases of acute bacterial meningitis in children. ⋯ At a cut off value of 2.4 mmol/L, cerebrospinal fluid lactate level has a high diagnostic accuracy for acute bacterial meningitis.