Pak J Med Sci
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Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is common complication of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It is characterized by presence of two or more of hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia. TLS may cause acute kidney injury (AKI), arrhythmias and seizures. Our objective was to determine the frequency of TLS and its biochemical abnormalities in children with ALL. ⋯ TLS was found in 62.6% despite preventive measures. Early recognition and treatment is essential to avoid morbidity and mortality.
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Data regarding the etiology, clinical and biochemical patterns in hypopituitarism is scant for Pakistan. We describe the characteristics of patients with hypopituitarism other than sellar and parasellar tumors or traumatic brain injury from a tertiary care center in Pakistan. ⋯ Non-traumatic hypopituitarism was more common in women, with Sheehan syndrome being the most common cause of hypopituitarism in our study (35.7%). Secondary hypothyroidism was the most common hormonal deficiency. The most commonly reported symptom was weakness.
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As an autoimmune disease, Type-1 diabetes mellitus (DM) may be associated with other autoimmune disorders, the presence of thyroid antibodies could be negatively impact the diabetic control. Our objective was to investigate thyroid autoimmunity in a cohort of children and adolescents with Type-1 diabetes and the Influence of the presence of thyroid autoimmune abnormalities on the control of diabetes in group of Iraqi pediatric patients with Type-I D.M. ⋯ Thyroid autoimmunity may be associated with poor diabetic control and elevated TSH levels, indicating subclinical hypothyroidism that my affect the diabetic control.
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To determine the frequency of involvement of distant head & neck sites which share sensory innervations with the ear in referred otalgia. ⋯ The ear should be examined in detail in patients presenting with earache to look for indigenous pathology. In the presence of a 'Normal Ear', it is important to examine the tonsils, teeth, pharynx and the nose & paranasal sinuses as the possible sites of origin of earache.