Pak J Med Sci
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Tic disorders are associated with neurodevelopmental origin, changes in dopaminergic neurons, and the formation of immunoreactivity, it is thought that neurotrophic factors may be crucial in the emergence of tic disorders. In this study, we targeted to explore role of neurotrophic factors in tic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate serum Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) and Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) levels in patients with tic disorder and healthy controls. ⋯ The absence of this relationship does not exclude the hypothesis that neurotrophic factors may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of tic disorders.
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Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) as other chronic medical conditions is commonly complicated by psychiatric symptoms. Saudi SCD patients are usually originally from Eastern and Southwestern Provinces. The main objective of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression among adults with SCD in southern region of Saudi Arabia. We also studied the sociodemographic profiles for these individuals. ⋯ This study confirms that depression is common in adult patients with SCD as confirmed by previous studies. On the other hand, socio-demographic factors were not significant predictors of depression in SCD patients. Further research is needed to explore the magnitude and impact of this problem at the national level.
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To investigate the effect of epidural anesthesia combined with inhalation or intravenous anesthesia on intrapulmonary shunt and oxygenation in patients undergoing long term single lung ventilation. ⋯ One lung ventilation may predispose to increase of intrapulmonary shunt and decrease in arterial partial pressure of oxygen; isoflurane inhalation anesthesia is more likely to cause intrapulmonary shunt, but no changes in arterial partial pressure of oxygen.
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To assess the association of raised serum liver enzyme (ALT) with type 2 diabetic subjects. ⋯ High frequency of elevated ALT suggests the association of liver disease with type 2 diabetes. The type 2 diabetic subjects need to be routinely screened and further studies to assess the possible associations with NAFLD and insulin resistance are required to further clarify the disease process.
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To evaluate the efficacy of core stability exercise versus conventional exercise in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. ⋯ Core stability exercise presents with better efficacy than conventional exercise in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis.