Pak J Med Sci
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Pregnant women and the general public are both directly impacted by cirrhosis which is a chronic liver disease. It is also widely known that women who have a history of injectable drug use and cirrhosis are more prone to experience unfavorable consequences that have a negative impact on the health of both the mother and the unborn child. Higher maternal Hepatitis-C Virus (HCV) in pregnancy viral load, length of labor, use of amniocentesis or fetal scalp monitoring and protracted membrane rupture are all the risk of perinatal transmission of HCV in newborns. ⋯ Pregnancy-related immune alterations have a significant impact on the course of HCV infection throughout the third trimester and provide favorable circumstances for the spread of the virus. The exacerbation of hepatic damage during pregnancy and the postpartum period is mostly responsible for HCV-specific cell-mediated immune responses. An extensive literature search done via electronic search engine including Cochrane library databases, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and HCV in pregnancy articles were included.
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Substantial change in climate over the years in South Asia is directly affecting the diet and health of the population. It is important to analyze the aftermath of this change and its impact on the thyroid status. In recent years, a complex interplay of the changing climate with the environmental, geographical and dietary factors has contributed to the continued prevalence of hypothyroidism in Pakistani women. ⋯ It also included WHO website and local news clips about the awareness campaigns on iodine deficiency over the past years. All studies conducted on females to diagnose hypothyroidism, with both positive and negative outcomes were included in this study. The factors contributing to hypothyroidism among the female population in Pakistan encompass the effects of climate change, both direct and indirect, topographical factor, indiscriminate use of hazardous pesticides, presence of chemical contaminants in food and water, and a lack of awareness among the public and healthcare professionals about the condition's symptoms and management.
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"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in three core behavioral: social deficits, impaired communication, and repetitive behaviors." There is developing indication and emerging data that irregular autoimmune responses to the central nervous system may play a pathogenic role in patients with autism spectrum disorder." The aim of this review was to discuss the updated research carried out at Autism research and treatment center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia particularly on the role of autoimmunity in Autism spectrum disorder. This review also present state of information available about the role of autoimmunity biomarkers involved in the neuronal damage of central nervous system in autistic children. The systematic literature search was carried out using Google Scholar, Science direct and PubMed databases on the role of autoimmunity in autism and reviewed all relevant articles published in peer reviewed journals by Autism research and treatment center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia till April, 2022. ⋯ Significant change in blood markers in subjects with ASD may resulted in several years of decreased neutrotrophic support along with increasing impairment in relationship with down-regulated inflammation that may play a role in the ASD. Overall, the role of autoimmunity in ASD subjects with excess of anti-brain antibodies suggest that in some patients, autoantibodies that target the CNS may be pathological factor in neuronal growth in autistic children. Large cohort studies with well-defined and specially pheno typed autistic groups and matched healthy controls are required to examine the role of autoantibodies in the pathology of subjects with ASD.
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Review
The metabolic associated fatty liver disease responses of lifestyle changes using diet and exercise.
This review is aimed to study MAFLD responses of lifestyle modifications using Diet and Exercise. ⋯ Subjects with MAFLD experienced poor quality of life. Altering lifestyle by diet and exercise can improve their physical wellbeing.
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To assess prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score could predict overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with breast cancer. ⋯ Our results indicate that PNI is an important prognostic factor for patients with breast cancer. Pre-treatment low PNI is associated with worse OS and DFS. Scarce data also indicates that a high CONUT score is predictive of poor OS in breast cancer.