Terapevt Arkh
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While accidentally detecting an adrenal gland lesion (incidentaloma) during a routine computed tomography (CT) scan, the radiologist should correctly interpret revealed changes. The most common lesion is adenoma with high lipid content, but a lipid poor adenoma, pheochromocytoma, adrenocortical cancer, metastasis and other less common adrenal diseases are also worth of attention and require detailed knowledge of their CT semiotics. The article presents criteria of differential diagnosis of the adrenal incidentalomas on the basis of which an algorithm of differential diagnosis was proposed for the most common adrenal lesions.
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Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a pathogenic human herpes virus that causes chickenpox as a primary infection, after which it persists for a long time and latently in the peripheral ganglia. Decades later, the virus can reactivate spontaneously, or after exposure to a number of triggering factors, causing herpes zoster (shingles). The reasons for the long-term persistence of VZV are gradually being revealed, but some issues remain unknown at the moment. ⋯ The most frequent and important complication of VZV reactivation is postherpetic neuralgia; encephalitis, segmental motor weakness and myelopathy, cranial neuropathies, and gastrointestinal complications often develop. The only scientifically proven effective and affordable way of mass prevention at the moment is vaccination. Chickenpox vaccines are safe and effective in preventing morbidity and mortality associated with the disease.