Terapevt Arkh
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To compare the effectiveness of rabeprazole original and generic products in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) using impedance-pH monitoring. ⋯ In treating GERD with the rabeprazole original product compared to generics, a significantly longer duration of acid production suppression, a more pronounced decrease in esophageal acidification, and a more statistically significant clinical improvement were observed.
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Peculiarities and comparative characteristics of three main Moscow schools on the field of internal medicine of the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries are discussed: schools of Grigory Zakharyin, Alexey Ostroumov and Vassily Shervinsky - Leonid Golubinin; the legitimacy to acknowledge scientific clinical schools of Mikhail Cherinov and Nikolay Golubov is disputed. The arguments are provided that of the Moscow therapeutic schools, it was the Shervinsky-Golubinin school, and not the Zakharyin or Ostroumov school, that played the most significant role in the formation of the internal medicine in the USSR, in passing the accumulated knowledge and ideas to therapeutic elites in the USSR.
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Review
[Current status and prospects of using the prokinetic acotiamide in gastroenterology: A review].
Acotiamide is a prokinetic with a novel mechanism of action - an antagonist of muscarinic M1 and M2 receptors and an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Acetylcholine is the central mediator of the tone of the muscular components of the gastrointestinal tract, increasing its motor activity. ⋯ Currently, the clinical efficacy of acotiamide in the population of patients with functional dyspepsia is demonstrated in more than 10 clinical studies in different regions of the world, demonstrating a reduction of the symptoms of the disease during treatment with this agent and an improvement in the quality of life of patients. In addition, the combination of acotiamide with proton pump inhibitors optimizes the management of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
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A review of publications devoted to the analysis of genetic polymorphisms and features of the functioning of genes that affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) is presented. Objective of the study was to reveal information about genes whose polymorphism may affect the effectiveness of SGLT2i. The review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 recommendations, the search for publications was carried out in the PubMed databases (including Medline), Web of Science, as well as Russian scientific electronic libraries eLIBRARY. ⋯ Polymorphisms in the structure of several genes (SLC5A2, UGT1A9, ABCB1, PNPLA3) have been described that may affect the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by diseases such as chronic heart failure, chronic kidney disease, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The information found on the genetic features of the development of the effects of SGLT2i is limited to a description of the differences in their pharmacokinetics. The relevance of currently available pharmacogenetic studies is largely constrained by small sample sizes.
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Over the past decades, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become a major public health problem due to increasing morbidity and mortality. COPD is characterized by airflow limitation due to inflammation of the bronchial tree and remodeling of the small airways. In 20-40% of patients with COPD, eosinophilic inflammation of the airways is observed, as in bronchial asthma. ⋯ Although the role of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of COPD is not fully understood, the level of eosinophils can be used in the prognosis and administration of corticosteroids, and their effectiveness is higher in eosinophilia. Currently, monoclonal antibodies directed against interleukins (IL-5, IL-4 and IL-13) or their receptors are being tested in the T2 endotype of COPD. This review focuses on the mechanisms of eosinophilia in COPD, the use of blood and sputum eosinophils as a biomarker, and the advisability of using monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of eosinophilic COPD.