Turk J Med Sci
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Microsatellite instability tests and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in the immune checkpoint pathway are the tests that determine who will benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. We aimed to show the expression of DNA mismatch repair proteins and PD-1/PD-L1 molecules that inhibit immune checkpoints, to explain the relationship between them, and to demonstrate their predictive role in recurrent and nonrecurrent glioblastoma. ⋯ The presence of microsatellite instability and low PD-L1 levels, which are among the causes of treatment resistance in glioblastoma, were found to be compatible with the literature in our study, with higher rates in recurrent cases. In recurrent cases with higher mutations and where immunotherapy resistance is expected less, low PD-L1 levels thought that different combinations with other immune checkpoint inhibitors can be tried as predictive and prognostic marker in GBM patients.
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Observational Study
The prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine use among Turkish patients with primary headache.
The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is common in patients with primary headache. However, no study has been reported in which standardized modalities were questioned in a Turkish population. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of CAM use and factors related to it in these patients. ⋯ Our results suggest that Turkish patients with primary headache, especially those with long disease duration, use CAM modalities. Larger population-based studies are required to clarify the safety and efficacy of these methods.
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Even though interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, IL-1Ra, is used in certain inflammatory diseases, its effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury is a current research topic. We aimed to investigate the protective effects of anakinra, an IL-1Ra, on the I/R induced intestinal injury. ⋯ Anakinra decreased the intestinal damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion and a dose of 100 mg/kg was found to be histopathologically more effective.
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This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of lutein/zeaxanthin isomers (L/Zi) on lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, NF-κB/Nrf2 pathways, and synaptic plasticity proteins in trained rats. ⋯ These results suggested that exercise combined with L/Zi supplementation might be effective to reduce neurodegeneration via improving neurotrophic factors and synaptic proteins, and oxidative capacity in the cerebral cortex.
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Calcineurin, an inhibitor of calcium dependent phosphatase is highly presented in a brain of an Alzheimer’s disease. Aging brain gets more sensitive to hyperactivation of calcineurin, and this event causes tau neurofibrillary plaque accumulation, which is one of the outcomes of this disease. The regions of hippocampus are much effected from the results of this process. Our hypothesis is that a calcineurin inhibitor, tacrolimus, could prevent the accumulation and the decrease of the neuronal cells. Therefore, this immunosuppressive drug could be a candidate for an early treatment of Alzheimer disease. ⋯ There was none preventive effect for neuronal loss in the hippocampus under the effect of tacrolimus drug according to stereological results. However, tacrolimus administration may have reduced cellular stress and cell damage.