Respiratory care
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The objective of the present study was to develop predictive equations for maximum respiratory pressures in women according to anthropometric characteristics. ⋯ Body mass was the variable that best contributed to predicting maximum respiratory pressures values in women (11.70% of the variations of the P(Imax) and 21.05% of the variations of the P(Emax)). For P(Imax) measurements, the equation -0.2 × body mass - 65.6 was established, and for P(Emax), the equation 0.3 × body mass + 66.4 was used. It is suggested that the predictive equations developed in this study can be used in the interpretation of the assessment of respiratory muscle strength in morbidly obese women 25-65 y of age.
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We previously described an index, defined as the ratio between the inspiratory muscle pressure (Pmus) and the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EA(di)) (Pmus/EA(di) index). In the present work, we describe the trend of Pmus/EA(di) index over time, investigating whether it could be an indicator of muscular efficiency associated with risk factors for diaphragmatic injury and/or clinical outcomes. ⋯ The Pmus/EA(di) index value remained constant in each subject over time, although the inter-individual variability was high. Neither the Pmus/EA(di) index nor its trends appeared to be associated with ventilatory variables or clinical outcome.
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Observational Study
The Objective Use of Pulse Oximetry to Predict Respiratory Support Transition in Preterm Infants: An Observational Pilot Study.
Preterm infants often require some form of respiratory support with supplemental oxygen and are monitored by continuous pulse oximetry (SpO2 ). The study objective was to determine whether the histogram distribution of SpO2 over a 24-h period will predict readiness for weaning respiratory support in preterm infants. We hypothesize that infants with ≥15% of time spent with SpO2 <86% before transitioning from CPAP or high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) to low-flow nasal cannula, oxyhood, or room air are more likely to fail transitioning. ⋯ These data suggest that pulse oximetry histograms may be useful in assessing CPAP/HFNC support transition readiness.
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Total lung capacity (TLC), forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% (FEF25-75%), peak expiratory flow (PEF), or post-bronchodilator volume response is recommended to detect obstructive abnormalities in the lung. The present study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of these pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters to diagnose obstructive lung disease in subjects with a restrictive pattern of spirometry. ⋯ The additional measurement of TLC is more useful than FEF25-75%, PEF, and post-bronchodilator response for diagnosis of obstructive lung disease in subjects with a restrictive pattern of spirometry, when obstructive lung disease is clinically suspected.
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There are still gaps in the knowledge regarding the damage to mucociliary and autonomous systems from passive exposure to cigarette smoke. Also, the influence of the frequency and duration of exposure on these systems is still unclear. The objective of this work was to verify the effects of passive smoking on mucociliary clearance and adult autonomic nervous systems and investigate the influence of frequency and time of passive exposure on these systems. ⋯ Passive smokers presented worse mucociliary clearance, and there was a correlation between passive exposure load and damage to the hemodynamic response, pulmonary function and autonomic nervous system.