Anesthesia, essays and researches
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The study was undertaken to observe the effect of different maintenance-fluid regimen on intraoperative blood glucose levels in non-diabetic patients undergoing elective major non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia. ⋯ We conclude that stress induced-hyperglycemic response in patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery is common in non-diabetic population. Maintenance-fluid therapy by dextrose containing solution as opposed to Ringer's lactate solution increases the incidence of hyperglycemia. To achieve normoglycemia by intravenous bolus dose of human regular insulin, significantly higher doses are required in patients receiving dextrose containing saline as maintenance fluid.
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Clonidine provides many desirable effects like sedation, analgesia, anxiolysis, and hemodynamic stability and these properties make it a potentially useful anesthetic premedication in the pediatric settings. The aim of this study was to compare oral midazolam (0.5 mg/kg), which is considered gold standard with oral clonidine (5 mcg/kg) as a premedication in pediatric patients. ⋯ We conclude that under the conditions of this study, oral midazolam is a better medication than clonidine in children in preoperative period while clonidine is a better medication postoperatively with added advantage of palatability, hemodynamic stability, and no significant side effects.
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Preoperative anxiety and uncooperativeness experienced by pediatric patients are commonly associated with postoperative behavioral problems. ⋯ Intranasal Midazolam 0.5 mg/kg is safe and effective and provides adequate sedation for easy separation from the parents and reduced requirement of intravenous supplementation during radiological imaging procedures without any untoward side-effects.
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The curved laryngoscope blade described by Macintosh in 1943 remains the most widely used device to facilitate tracheal intubation. The Airtraq(®) (Prodol Meditec S.A, Vizcaya, Spain) is a new, single use, indirect laryngoscope introduced into clinical practice in 2005. It has wan exaggerated blade curvature with internal arrangement of optical lenses and a mechanism to prevent fogging of the distal lens. A high quality view of the glottis is provided without the need to align the oral, pharyngeal and tracheal axis. We evaluated Airtraq and Macintosh laryngoscopes for success rate of tracheal intubation, overall duration of successful intubation, optimization maneuvers, POGO (percentage of glottic opening) score, and ease of intubation. ⋯ Both Airtraq and Macintosh laryngoscopes are equally effective in tracheal intubation in normal airways. Duration of successful tracheal intubation was shorter in the Airtraq group which was statistically significant.
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Case Reports
Anesthetic management in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is an electrophysiological disorder of heart. Patients with such disorder may be asymptomatic or present with cardiac symptoms like palpitation and dyspnea. ⋯ We took all the precautions necessary to avoid tachycardia and arranged drugs necessary to treat any complications together with stringent monitoring which is very important for favorable outcome in these patients. Management of the case offers an opportunity to relearn the important considerations on WPW syndrome.