Anesthesia, essays and researches
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Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation activates the sympathetic nervous system, causing tachycardia and hypertension. Dexmedetomidine has an affinity for alpha2 receptors 8 times greater than that of clonidine. It diminishes norepinephrine release and inhibits sympathetic activity leading to decreased heart rate (HR) and blood pressure. ⋯ It was found that attenuating response to hemodynamic changes were observed with dexmedetomidine and clonidine IV infusion. The early onset of dexmedetomidine makes it a promising choice. Hence premedication with IV infusion of dexmedetomidine can safely be recommended for attenuation of hemodynamic response to endotracheal intubation.
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A double-blinded, prospective, and randomized study was designed to determine the efficacy and tolerability of intravenous (IV) magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) to facilitate fiberoptic bronchoscopic (FOB) nasotracheal intubations. ⋯ Intravenous MgSO4 improved awaken FOB intubation without adverse hemodynamic or respiratory effects.
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Pain experienced following laparotomy is largely due to abdominal wall incision. Effective mitigation of this pain is vital to improve patient satisfaction and for early ambulation. We evaluated the efficacy of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for postoperative analgesia, as a component of multimodal analgesia. ⋯ TAP block is an effective component of the multimodal analgesia regimen for reducing postoperative pain and opioid requirement after emergency laparotomy.
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Neuraxial anesthesia greatly expands the anesthesiologist armamentarium, providing alternatives to general anesthesia, especially in the lower abdominal surgeries. Clonidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, has a variety of actions, including potentiation of effects of local anesthetics. This study was undertaken to assess the degree of sensory and motor block and postoperative analgesia provided by low dose (50 mcg) intrathecal clonidine admixed with bupivacaine. ⋯ The findings in this study suggested that use of clonidine 50 μg added to bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia effectively increased the duration of sensory block, duration of motor block, and duration of analgesia.