BMC anesthesiology
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Early goal-directed therapy has been endorsed in the guidelines of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign as a key strategy among patients presenting with severe sepsis or septic shock. But more importantly, early goal-directed therapy also became standard care for non-septic critically ill patients and was adopted for high-risk surgical patients. ⋯ Early goal-directed therapy has evolved as standard care for most of critically ill patients, and many protocols contain transfusion of red blood cells targeting high hemoglobin level as a key element. As red blood cell transfusions are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, transfusion thresholds need to be more individualized.
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Tracheostomy is recommended for patients receiving mechanical ventilation (MV) for 14 days or more in the intensive care unit (ICU). Nevertheless, many patients undergoing prolonged MV remain intubated via the translaryngeal route. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of tracheostomy and persistent translaryngeal intubation on short-term outcomes in patients mechanically ventilated for ≥14 days. ⋯ Tracheostomy is associated with lower in-hospital mortality and higher successful weaning rates in ICU patients receiving prolonged MV. However, the cost-effectiveness and long-term outcomes of tracheostomy for this cohort require further study.
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Some studies have demonstrated dexmedetomidine has anti-inflammatory effect on septic rats. However, the mechanism of how dexmedetomidine exerts these effects is still remained unknown. This study was designed to investigate the mechanism of how dexmedetomidine inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators in cecal ligation and puncturinduced septic rats. ⋯ Dexmedetomidine treatment can effectively reduce the generation of inflammatory mediators in the plasma and BALF of CLP-induced septic rats. These effects of dexmedetomidine rely on TLR4/MyD88/MAPK/ NF-κB signaling pathway and are independent of α2-adrenoceptor.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Intranasal administration of butorphanol benefits old patients undergoing H-uvulopalatopharyngoplasty: a randomized trial.
To evaluate intranasal administration of butorphanol on postoperative pain and early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in old patients undergoing H-uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (H-UPPP). ⋯ Intranasal administration of butorphanol is safe and effective, reducing postoperative usage of analgesics and the incidence of POCD in old patients undergoing H-UPPP.
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Lung ultrasound (LUS) can diagnose extravacular lung water (EVLW) through the visualization of B lines in both humans and large animals. However, there are no published data on the use of ultrasound to detect EVLW in rats, the gold standard to evaluate of EVLW in rats is post-mortem gravimetric analysis. The present study was designed to determine the similarity between lung sonography and gravimetric measurements of EVLW in rats in an acute lung injury (ALI) model. ⋯ The data suggest that, in an experimental rat model of ALI, B lines score as assessed by LUS can provide an easy, semi-quantitative, noninvasive. Real-time index of EVLW which is strongly correlated to experimental gravimetric assessments.