Anesthesia progress
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Anesthesia progress · Jan 1997
Timing and side effects of flumazenil for dental outpatients receiving intravenous sedation with midazolam.
We studied the timing and side effects of flumazenil treatment for 10 healthy volunteers and 46 dental outpatients who received intravenous sedation with midazolam. For the volunteers, vital signs were monitored before and after intravenous injection of midazolam and flumazenil. In addition, grip strength, signs and symptoms, and performance on the Romberg's test and addition tests were evaluated 30 min and 60 min after midazolam injection as well as after flumazenil injection. ⋯ One patient in group S had drowsiness that did not resolve after injection of flumazenil and continued until the following day. Our results indicate that flumazenil should be given at least 60 min after intravenous sedation with midazolam in dental outpatients. Moreover, caution should be exercised with regard to the potential side effects of flumazenil.
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When using a nasal cannula to sample gases expired by a patient, air from the room may dilute the sample. For this reason, the accuracy of the partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) measurements is questionable. We experimentally examined the reliability of ETCO2 measurements through a nasal cannula and found that they depended on both biological factors (tidal volume and respiratory rates) and mechanical factors (the diameter and the length of the cannula and the diameter of the prongs). These results suggest that the correct use of an appropriate sampling cannula will provide reliable ETCO2 measurements without clinical problems.
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Anesthesia progress · Jan 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparison of recovery of propofol and methohexital sedation using an infusion pump.
Two sedative anesthetic agents administered by an infusion pump were compared during third molar surgery. Forty American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I or II volunteers were randomly allocated to two groups. All subjects received supplemental oxygen via a nasal hood, fentanyl (0.0007 mg/kg intravenous [i.v.] bolus), and midazolam (1 mg/2 min) titrated to effect. ⋯ Hemo-dynamic and respiratory parameters and psychomotor performance were compared for the two groups and no significant differences were found. The continuous infusion method maintained a steady level of sedation. Patients receiving propofol had a smoother sedation as judged by the surgeon and anesthetist.
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Anesthesia progress · Jan 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialEpinephrine, magnesium, and dental local anesthetic solutions.
Plasma levels of magnesium were unaffected by the inclusion of epinephrine in lidocaine dental local anesthetic solutions in patients having third molar surgery under general anesthesia.
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Anesthesia progress · Jan 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialAnalgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of tenoxicam and diclofenac sodium after third molar surgery.
Tenoxicam and diclofenac sodium were compared with each other for analgesic efficacy following removal of third molars under general anesthesia. Thirty-five healthy patients between the ages of 18 and 28 yr were randomly allocated to two groups to participate in this study. Patients in Group A (n = 17) received a single intravenous injection of tenoxicam 40 mg at induction of anesthesia, followed by a 20-mg tablet given in the evening of the day of the operation and thereafter, one 20-mg tablet daily from days 2 to 7. ⋯ On the evening of the third postoperative day, the tenoxicam group of patients experienced significantly less pain (P < or = 0.05) than those in the diclofenac sodium group. This was again the case on the morning of the fourth postoperative day. On the fifth, sixth, and seventh postoperative days, the average pain scores for patients in the tenoxicam group were statistically significantly lower, both mornings and evenings, than those in the diclofenac sodium group of patients (P = 0.05).