Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology
-
In order to know how the catheters are placed abnormally in the epidural space, we inserted the epidural catheters under fluoroscopy. The catheter was placed straightly upward when the epidural puncture was done in the center of epidural space. ⋯ When the catheter wedged at the side wall, it made loop and curled or kinked. We thought that the cause of abnormal location of the catheters in epidural space is the right angle between the wall of the epidural space and the direction of catheter.
-
A retrospective study of the lumbar and thoracic epidural anesthesia (catheterization) in infants and children younger than 12 years was undertaken in children's hospitals in Japan. Seventeen institutions replied to our questionnaire and 10 institutions experienced these procedures in the year preceding September 1994. The total number of the lumbar and thoracic epidural anesthesia performed was 324, with average of 32.4 +/- 31.1, and maximum of 113 and the minimum of 2. ⋯ The patient had herpes zoster. On the other hand, several institutions cast doubt on the necessity of epidural anesthesia in infants and children. The long-term influence on the developing nervous system should be investigated.