Anesthesiology clinics
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Anesthesiology clinics · Jun 2017
ReviewEssential Elements of Multimodal Analgesia in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Guidelines.
Perioperative multimodal analgesia uses combinations of analgesic medications that act on different sites and pathways in an additive or synergistic manner to achieve pain relief with minimal or no opiate consumption. Although all medications have side effects, opiates have particularly concerning, multisystemic, long-term, and short-term side effects, which increase morbidity and prolong admissions. ⋯ This article outlines the evidence base forming the current multimodal analgesia recommendations made by the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Society (ERAS). We describe current evidence and important future directions for effective perioperative multimodal analgesia in enhanced recovery pathways.
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An increasing number of oral anticoagulants have become available over the past decade. Each of these agents has differing implications on both regional and neuraxial anesthetic techniques. This article describes the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the most commonly used novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs). It also outlines recent guidelines for the use of NOACs in the perioperative setting, especially with regard to neuraxial anesthesia.