Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica : a Magyar Pszichofarmakológiai Egyesület lapja = official journal of the Hungarian Association of Psychopharmacology
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Neuropsychopharmacol Hung · Jun 2015
[The importance of early diagnosis and intervention in children diagnosed with reading disorder. Case studies].
Reading Disorder (RD) belongs to Specific Learning Disorders within the chapter of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition. Previous research shows that the time of the diagnosis of RD - early (before starting school) or late - has a great impact on the prognosis. ⋯ Our cases demonstrate that if RD is diagnosed in early childhood, the child's and his/her family's quality of life can be influenced in a positive direction, while late recognition of RD might influence the child's and the family's quality of life negatively. For these reasons it is important that experts recognize RD in time, start appropriate treatment and give proper support to children diagnosed with RD and their families.
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Neuropsychopharmacol Hung · Sep 2009
[Cognitive impairment in patients with alcoholism after long-term abstinence].
Patients with alcoholism display impaired cognitive information processing. In this study, we use clinically useful and effective neurocognitive tests to investigate these impairments. Twenty patients with the DSM-IV diagnosis of alcohol dependency and 20 age-, gender-, education-, and IQ-matched healthy control subjects participated in the study. ⋯ On the other hand, episodic memory and delayed memory functions were intact. These results show that in some cognitive domains (executive functions and semantic fluency), the performance is related to the duration of the abstinent period, which may suggest the recovery of these functions. Some other domains do not show such an improvement, which could be due to a primary deficit or to a slower recovery process.
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Neuropsychopharmacol Hung · Mar 2015
[Association between depression and cognitive decline in sclerosis multiplex patients].
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neuroimmunological disease. In addition to its somatic symptoms, fatigue, mood disorder (depression) and cognitive impairment can be detected. Cognitive impairment significantly affects social relationships, work capacity, quality of life independently of disability. ⋯ Results of our research reflect the findings of clinical studies whereas short-term and long-term memory excluding working memory can be impaired in multiple sclerosis. Because of incidence of depression and fatigue and the important role of psychological factors in quality of life, more detailed analysis of the relationship between mood, fatigue and cognitive impairment would be required which is planned in the future.
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Neuropsychopharmacol Hung · Sep 2010
Long-term neuronal damage and recovery after a single dose of MDMA: expression and distribution of serotonin transporter in the rat brain.
"Ecstasy", 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), an amphetamine analogue is one of the most widely used recreational drugs. In spite of the fact that neurotoxic effects of MDMA has been found in several species from rodents to non-human primates, and results increasingly point to damage also in human MDMA users, data about the sensitivity of different brain areas and the recovery after neuronal damage are scarce. Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) mRNA in the raphe nuclei also has not been examined. ⋯ Our results also suggest that the acute MDMA administration abolished aggressive behaviour but MDMA pretreatment and the consequent depletion of serotonergic terminals did not affect aggression. Our findings concerning the changes detected in 5-HTT mRNA expression and fibre density indicate lasting impairment of the serotonergic system and suggest that a single use of MDMA may be associated with long-lasting cognitive, learning, memory and mood deficits and sleep disturbances particularly when a constellation of genetic vulnerability and certain environmental factors are present. Our data provide further evidence for the connection between altered serotonergic functions and sleep disturbance.