Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement
-
Acta Neurochir. Suppl. · Jan 2011
Multiparametric characterisation of the perihemorrhagic zone in a porcine model of lobar ICH.
To describe early perihemorrhagic changes after lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) using multiparametric neuromonitoring [intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral blood flow (CBF), tissue oxygenation (PbrO2), microdialysis (MD)]. ⋯ We established a reproducible cortical ICH model using multiparametric neuromonitoring. Subtle changes in ICP were observed. No evidence for the existence of a perihemorrhagic ischemic area was found, hypothetically because of the small hematoma size. Individual animals underwent critical PbrO2 and CBF decreases with consecutive metabolic derangement. The effect of larger hematoma volumes should be evaluated with this setup in future studies to study volume-dependent deterioration.
-
Acta Neurochir. Suppl. · Jan 2011
Clinical requirements and possible applications of robot assisted endoscopy in skull base and sinus surgery.
Functional Endoscopic Surgery of Paranasal sinuses (FESS) and Skull Base surgery is one of the most frequent surgeries performed at the ENT department of the Bonn University, Germany. Beside of surgical Navigation Robotic is one of the upcoming fields of Computer assisted Surgery developments. This work presents novel research and concepts for Robot Assisted Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (RASS) of the Paranasal sinuses and the anterior Skull Base containing the analysis of surgical workflows, the segmentation and modelling of the Paranasal sinuses and the anterior Skull Base and the development of the robotic path planning. An interdisciplinary group of software engineers and surgeons in Braunschweig and Bonn, Germany are approximate to solutions by a clinical and technical research program financed through the DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, German research Community).
-
Acta Neurochir. Suppl. · Jan 2011
The gamut of blood flow responses coupled to spreading depolarization in rat and human brain: from hyperemia to prolonged ischemia.
Cortical spreading depolarizations (SD) have been shown to occur frequently in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and are associated with delayed ischemic brain damage. In animal models the link between SD and cell damage is the microvascular spasm coupled to the passage of SDs, resulting in spreading ischemia. Here we compared the hemodynamic changes induced by SD between human and rat cerebral cortex. ⋯ The spectrum ranged from normal hyperemic responses to prolonged cortical spreading ischemia with intermediate forms characterized by biphasic (hypoemic-hyperemic) responses. The bandwidths of rCBF responses were comparable and the relative response magnitudes of hypo- and hyperperfusion phases did not differ significantly between rats and humans. The correspondence of the rCBF response spectrum to SD between human and animal brain underscores the importance of animal models to learn more about the mechanisms underlying the early and delayed pathological sequelae of SAH.
-
Acta Neurochir. Suppl. · Jan 2011
Isoflurane preconditioning affords functional neuroprotection in a murine model of intracerebral hemorrhage.
Exposure to isoflurane gas prior to neurological injury, known as anesthetic preconditioning, has been shown to provide neuroprotective benefits in animal models of ischemic stroke. Given the common mediators of cellular injury in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, we hypothesize that isoflurane preconditioning will provide neurological protection in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). ⋯ These results demonstrate the early functional neuroprotective effects of anesthetic preconditioning in ICH and suggest that methods of preconditioning that afford protection in ischemia may also provide protection in ICH.
-
Acta Neurochir. Suppl. · Jan 2011
Treatment with ginsenoside rb1, a component of panax ginseng, provides neuroprotection in rats subjected to subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced brain injury.
recent trials have shown Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), an active component of a well known Chinese medicine Panax Ginseng, plays a significant role in improving the complications seen after an ischemic brain event. In the present study, we investigated the use of GRb1 as a treatment modality to reduce brain edema, reduce arterial vasospasm, and improve neurobehavioral function after subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced brain injury (SAH) in rats. ⋯ the results of the study suggest that GRb1 treatment reduces brain edema, improves neurobehavioral function, and blocks vasculature thickening and spasm after SAH in rats. Given the novelty of the study, further research will be needed to confirm the benefits of treatment and mechanisms behind neuroprotection.