AANA journal
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Tracheal dissection is an uncommon complication of endotracheal intubation. A large source of morbidity and mortality in anesthesia is associated with airway issues. Several airway complications can be avoided or minimized by proper technique and vigilance. ⋯ A discussion of airway anatomy, airway considerations, intubation complications, and one-lung ventilation techniques is provided. Airway management techniques for one-lung ventilation are highly variable, requiring an extensive knowledge of equipment, clinical implications, and technical challenges. It is important for clinicians to be skilled in the use of several airway devices and to be prepared for any unexpected situation such as the case being presented.
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Diastrophic dwarfism is an autosomal recessive disease that predominantly occurs in the Finnish population (1 in 33,000) but has been known to occur worldwide. Affected patients present with multiple cartilaginous anomalies and early degeneration of weight-bearing joints. Once past infancy, life expectancy is favorable and patients may undergo multiple surgical procedures throughout their lifetime to repair .or replace affected joints. The characteristic short trunk of these patients in addition to scoliosis, cervical kyphosis, and involvement of articular cartilages can create unique ventilation and airway challenges for anesthesia providers involved in their care.
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Local anesthetic toxicity remains a clinical concern when performing regional anesthesia. Because signs and symptoms of toxicity may not appear for 20 to 30 minutes after administration of local anesthetic, vigilance is crucial. ⋯ The number of case reports demonstrating successful use of lipid emulsions is growing. Continued research remains pivotal to improve understanding of the theory of lipid emulsion pharmacology and application to clinical practice.