AANA journal
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Postoperative sore throat: incidence and severity after the use of lidocaine, saline, or air to inflate the endotracheal tube cuff.
Postoperative sore throat occurs in up to 90% of intubated patients and is the most common complaint of patients after endotracheal intubation. A recent study suggested that the use of lidocaine to inflate the endotracheal tube cuff would decrease the incidence of postoperative sore throat. The purpose of this prospective randomized study was to compare the incidence and severity of sore throat after using lidocaine, saline, or air to inflate the endotracheal tube cuff. ⋯ The researcher administered the verbal analogue scale, Melzack's Present Pain Intensity Scale of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, to the 75 participants at two intervals, 1 to 3 hours postoperatively and 22 to 25 hours postoperatively, to assess postoperative sore throat. Analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test suggested that there was no statistical difference in postoperative sore throat among the 3 groups. Lidocaine, saline, and air had similar effects on postoperative sore throat.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Evaluation of the effects of the addition of morphine sulfate to a standard Bier block solution in peripheral arm surgery.
The purpose of this study was to analyze postoperative pain differences in patients undergoing peripheral arm surgery. Differences between patients' perceived pain who received 2 mg of morphine sulfate added to the standard Bier block solution and the standard Bier block solution without morphine were studied. A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design was utilized. ⋯ A larger sample may have yielded different results. Many issues remain undecided regarding the potential role of opioids in various regional anesthetic techniques. Further studies are warranted to investigate the peripheral effects of opioids and to understand the mechanisms of action of opioid analgesics at peripheral sites.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Pediatric endotracheal tube selection: a comparison of age-based and height-based criteria.
Many methods are taught and used clinically to determine what size uncuffed endotracheal tube is required for the pediatric patient. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two methods of selection used clinically: (1) the traditional age-based (AB) formula; (age in years +16) divided by 4, and (2) the method based on body length using the Broselow pediatric resuscitation tape. Following institutional review board approval, 174 patients were prospectively studied after informed consent was obtained. ⋯ Since the AB formula ([age in years +16] divided by 4) is reliable and easily applied, it appears acceptable for routine anesthesia cases in the pediatric population requiring endotracheal intubation. The AB formula ([age in years +18] divided by 4) should be used cautiously because of the high failure rate. In circumstances in which general information, such as age, is not available and endotracheal intubation is needed, the Broselow tape allows reliable endotracheal tube size identification and should be readily available.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A comparison of the recovery times of desflurane and isoflurane in outpatient anesthesia.
The low solubility of desflurane has been shown to contribute to faster awakening from anesthesia when compared with other anesthetics in common use. However, research has failed to consistently demonstrate faster discharge times from the postanesthesia care unit following the use of desflurane. This study was undertaken to compare the recovery and discharge times of outpatients undergoing procedures greater than 2 hours in length. ⋯ The results demonstrated no differences between the emergence or discharge times following desflurane or isoflurane. In addition, measured parameters, such as intraoperative vital signs and postoperative emesis and opioid requirements, were not different between the groups. The use of desflurane as part of a balanced anesthetic technique did not speed the emergence or discharge time when compared with isoflurane.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of axillary block techniques: is there a difference in success rates?
This study compared the success rates between two accepted methods of performing axillary blocks, the peripheral nerve stimulator (PNS) and the transarterial (TA) techniques. Success was based on blocking the nerves involved in the surgery. Following institutional review board approval and informed consent, 57 patients between the ages of 18 and 86 years of age scheduled for elective upper extremity surgery were studied. ⋯ There were no significant side effects reported by the patients postoperatively. The axillary nerve was the only nerve with an increased success rate using the TA technique. This indicates that both techniques are equally acceptable.