Annals of the American Thoracic Society
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Stakeholder engagement in research is expected to provide unique insights, make research investments more accountable and transparent, and ensure that future research is applicable to patients and family members. ⋯ Visitors to critically ill patients prioritized two general outcomes (ICU and hospital survival) and three ventilation-related outcomes (being ventilator free, avoiding reintubation, passing a spontaneous breathing trial), and valued avoiding complications, maintaining quality of life, comfort, and returning to previous living arrangements. The outcomes preferences of the survey respondents evolved temporally during the ICU stay.
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Radiographic lung cancer screening guidelines and coverage requirements warrant a shared decision-making process. Guidance is needed regarding how to conduct shared decision making effectively. A useful organizing theme should include consideration of a patient's response to and tolerance of uncertainty associated with lung cancer screening. ⋯ A systematic approach to understanding and addressing patients' concerns about uncertainty in the context of lung cancer screening can guide a patient-centered approach to shared decision making. The results of this study can inform provider-patient communication strategies regarding the decision to perform radiographic lung cancer screening.
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Millions of patients are diagnosed with pulmonary nodules every year. Increased distress may be a common harm, but methods of mitigating this distress are unclear. ⋯ Among patients with incidentally discovered pulmonary nodules, distress is common and persistent for about 25%. Many participants substantially overestimate their risk of lung cancer. Incorporating patients' values and preferences into communication about a pulmonary nodule and its evaluation may mitigate distress.
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Unlike tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacterial disease is not reportable to public health authorities in the United States, and the total burden of disease is uncertain. ⋯ The mortality rate of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease among HIV-uninfected individuals has increased in the United States between 1999 and 2014. These deaths occurred disproportionately in older white women. Considering the concurrent decline in tuberculosis-related deaths, these findings demonstrate a shift in the epidemiology of fatal mycobacterial infections in the United States.
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The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals. Preventive healthcare is provided predominantly by primary care providers (PCPs). Successful implementation of a screening program requires acceptance and participation by both providers and patients, with available collaboration with pulmonologists. ⋯ While patients and providers are receptive to LDCT screening, efforts are needed to improve guideline knowledge and adherence among providers. System-level interventions are necessary to facilitate time and resources for shared decision making and smoking cessation counseling and treatment. Further research is needed to identify optimal strategies for effective lung cancer screening in the community.