Regional anesthesia
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Regional anesthesia · Jan 1997
Clinical TrialExtended epidural catheter infusions with analgesics for patients with noncancer pain at their homes.
Patients with severe, noncancer pain unresponsive to epidural steroid injections are frequently referred for implantation of a permanent intraspinal device or for surgery. An alternative approach has been evaluated, which involves extended epidural catheter infusions of analgesics. ⋯ Temporary lumbar epidural catheter infusions represent an option between lumbar epidural steroid injections and more invasive and expensive modalities. The technique is effective in relieving chronic low back pain for extended periods, reducing its long-term intensity, and in some cases abolishing it.
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Regional anesthesia · Jan 1997
The hypothesis that antagonism of fentanyl analgesia by 2-chloroprocaine is mediated by direct action on opioid receptors.
Although 2-chloroprocaine continues to be a useful drug for epidural anesthesia in obstetrics, it has the anomalous action of decreasing the analgesic effectiveness of subsequently administered epidural fentanyl. Some investigators have suggested that 2-chloroprocaine may act at an opioid receptor site to antagonize the effects of fentanyl. The purpose of our studies was to investigate this hypothesis. ⋯ Although 2-chloroprocaine has binding affinity at mu and kappa opioid receptor sites, it does not appear to act through an opioid receptor to antagonize the physiologic effects of fentanyl.
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Regional anesthesia · Nov 1996
Meta Analysis Comparative StudyComparative efficacy of epidural, subarachnoid, and intracerebroventricular opioids in patients with pain due to cancer.
Although rarely used, intracerebroventricular opioid therapy (ICV) is an option for the control of intractable pain due to cancer when systemic treatments have failed. The aim of the present study is to use available data from published trials to compare ICV with the more common epidural (EP) and subarachnoid (SA) opioid treatments in an attempt to establish the utility and safety of ICV. ⋯ Intracerebroventricular therapy appears to be at least as effective against pain as other neuraxial treatments. The ICV technique is the only fixed system that is associated with fewer technical problems than the use of simple percutaneous epidural catheters (difference 9%, standard error of the difference 3.4). The present state of evidence indicates that ICV is a successful treatment for patients with intractable cancer pain and compares well with spinal opioid treatments in terms of efficacy, side effects, and complications.
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Regional anesthesia · Nov 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialKetamine potentiates analgesic effect of morphine in postoperative epidural pain control.
Ketamine is currently the only N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel blocker in clinical use. This study evaluated the analgesic efficacy of epidurally coadministered ketamine and morphine in postoperative pain control. ⋯ Ketamine, although not itself an epidural analgesic agent, potentiates the analgesic effect of morphine, especially when administered as a pretreatment. The resulting lowered dosage of epidural morphine needed for postoperative pain relief reduces, in turn, the incidence of side effects. Pretreatment of patients with ketamine epidurally, followed by injections of combined morphine and ketamine could be a promising new analgesic regimen.