Acta chirurgiae orthopaedicae et traumatologiae Cechoslovaca
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The aim of the study was to analyse causes of impaired bone healing in femoral fractures and to present options of their management. ⋯ A successful outcome of femoral fracture repair is based on an understanding of the biomechanical principle, i.e., correct fracture reduction and stable osteosynthesis fitting the morphology of the fracture. Comminuted femoral fractures heal well with the use of a narrow long nail whose working length allows for even distribution of movement at a fracture line amongst the fragments and thus fracture motion load does not exceed 20%. On the other hand, short oblique and transverse fractures are examples of problematic fractures which require maximum possible stability provided by a thick nail with a short working length; this is achieved by reaming the medullary cavity or adding lag screws. In our group of patients these fractures were also the most problematic ones. Generally, nailing remains the golden standard in the management of femoral fractures.
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Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech · Jan 2015
[Validity of the Morawietz classification for evaluation of periprosthetic tissue].
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY A consensual classification of the periprosthetic interface membrane obtained at revision total joint arthroplasty was published by Morawietz et al. in 2006. Based on histomorphological criteria, four types of periprosthetic membrane were proposed: type I, aseptic failure; type II, septic failure; type III, combined type (carrying signs of both type I and II); and type IV, indeterminate type. The aim of this study was to find out whether and to what extent the Morawietz system would be suitable for use at an independent institution involved in the evaluation of periprosthetic membranes for a long time. ⋯ An increased sensitivity for infectious membrane detection can be achieved by using supplementary immunohistochemical staining effective particularly in chronic and low-grade infections. 4. Painless and stable THAs typically have very low expression levels of CD4, CD20 and Hsp-60 proteins, and interferon- -gamma (IFN-γ) as well. Key words: total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, aseptic loosening, prosthetic joint infection, tissue analysis, membranes, CD receptors, Hsp-60 protein, IFN-γ.
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Sternal fractures occur most frequently in vehicle accidents, then due to falls from a height and by other blunt chest trauma. Most of these injuries are simple, non-displaced fractures only rarely requiring surgical management. Based on a retrospective analysis, the authors present their experience with the treatment of sternal fractures, emphasizing the use of osteosynthesis. ⋯ Plate fixation is a suitable method of stable osteosynthesis in complicated sternal fractures. It shortens the duration of mechanical ventilation and repairs post-traumatic chest wall deformities.
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Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech · Jan 2015
[Influence of Cervical Spondylotic Spinal Cord Compression on Cerebral Cortical Adaptation. Radiological Study].
The aim of the study was to measure the sensorimotor brain adaptation activity, shown on functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI), in relation to the degree and extent of spinal cord compression or cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) detected by cervical spine MRI. ⋯ It is evident that the brain responds to spinal cord damage by increased activity, but with a certain delay. A slightly altered spinal cord signal intensity, such as in incipient myelopathy, apparently does not result in brain activation. On the other hand, significant changes in signal intensity in advanced myelopathy are related to deterioration of spinal cord function, as shown by MEP and SEP examination results, and an increase in both the volume and intensity of cortical motor activation as a compensation mechanism for myelopathy. CONCLUSIONS Hyperintense spinal cord signals on T2-weighted images correlated with the pathological spinal cord function detected by electrophysiological test in all patients. The transverse spinal cord area (around 70 mm2) showed no significant correlation with either sensory and motor brain adaptations or the results of SEP and MEP testing; therefore, as a criterion for indication to surgery it is of no value. The patients with advanced myelopathy, as detected by spinal cord MRI, had a significantly higher pre-operative cortical motor activation on fMRI than patients with normal findings or those with incipient myelopathy. In addition, the patterns of cortical motor activation altered significantly at 6 months after spinal cord decompression, which was shown by an increase or decrease in activation of the relevant motor cortex areas.