Casopís lékar̆ů c̆eských
-
Casopís lékar̆ů c̆eských · Jan 2019
. Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma - typical but underdiagnosed pathology of nasal cavity and sinuses.
Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH) is relatively new diagnosis, firstly described in WHO tumour classification in 2005. It is a benign lesion affecting nose and paranasal sinuses. Although REAH was considered a rare entity, it is recently more frequently revealed in histopathological exam in patients undergoing endoscopic surgery for nasal polyposis. ⋯ Considering quite frequent occurrence of REAH in patients with nasal polyposis and low awareness of the disease itself among ENT specialists, pathologists and radiologists it is still relatively underdiagnosed lesion. The possibility of misdiagnosis and confusion with other more serious diseases like inverted papilloma or low-grade adenocarcinoma is of clinical importance. It may lead to overtreatment and too aggressive surgical therapy.
-
Currently, patients are evaluated by a psychiatrist using the phenomenological classification then, first-line treatment is initiated according to the diagnosis; however, this approach is associated with a high rate of etiopathogenetic heterogeneity. The development of mental disorders is likely determined by combined effects of genetic predisposition and environmental adversity. Inter-mutual interaction is regulated by epigenetics processes which determine transcription and translation of gens to corresponding proteins. ⋯ An example is schizophrenia, the most severe mental disorder and prototype of psychotic disorder. The current definition of schizophrenia lacks a biological validity, which is stimulating an effort to alternatively define the psychotic disorders on the base of biomarkers. The goal of integration knowledge from biomedical research and clinical practice is providing more accurate diagnosis and the tailored treatment for each individual patient.
-
The review article covers specific methods of artificial nutrition in current advances in intensive care. This area of care is somewhat specific, and indications for pharmaconutrients are different from classical artificial nutrition. The pharmaconutrients of amino acid and polyenoic fatty acid groups are described. The components of nutritional pharmacology, based on exceedingly high doses of pure nutritional substrates, are a useful and safe means of modifying selected mechanisms, such as fluidocoagulation, inflammatory reactions or vasomotorics.
-
Casopís lékar̆ů c̆eských · Jan 2015
[Health effects of ambient ultrafine particles--the project UFIREG].
The project "Ultrafine particles--an evidence based contribution to the development of regional and European environmental and health policy" (UFIREG) started in July 2011 and ended in December 2014. It was implemented through the Central Europe Programme and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund. Five cities in four Central European countries participated in the study: Augsburg (Germany), Chernivtsi (Ukraine), Dresden (Germany), Ljubljana (Slovenia) and Prague (Czech Republic). The aim of the UFIREG project was to improve the knowledge base on possible health effects of ambient ultrafine particles (UFP) and to raise overall awareness of environmental and health care authorities and the population. ⋯ Further multi-centre studies such as UFIREG are needed preferably investigating several years in order to produce powerful results.
-
Casopís lékar̆ů c̆eských · Jan 2015
ReviewMedical consequences of Chernobyl with focus on the endocrine system: Part 1.
In the last 70 years, atomic disasters have occurred several times. The nuclear power plant accident at Chernobyl in 1986 in North-Central Ukraine was a unique experience in population exposures to radiation by all ages, and ongoing studies have brought a large amount of information on effects of radiation on human organism. Concerning the deteriorating global security situation and the strong rhetoric of some of the world leaders, the knowledge on the biological effects of ionizing radiation and the preventive measures designed to decrease the detrimental effects of radiation gains a new dimension, and involves all of us. This review focuses on the long-term effects of Chernobyl catastrophe especially on the endocrine system in children and in adults, and includes a summary of preventive measures in case of an atomic disaster.