JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
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Case Reports
Aortoenteric fistula - A fatal cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. Can it be missed? - A case report.
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, is the life threating presentation of many diseases in emergency room. Aortoenteric fistula (AEF) is one of the rare causes of GI bleeding that can be fatal if not diagnosed and treated promptly. ⋯ On lab investigation and abdominal CT scan he was diagnosed as aortic aneurysm with AEF. The related pathology, diagnosis and management of the disorder has been discussed in this case report.
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To examine the frequency of ocular emergencies received in a tertiary care setting.. ⋯ Ocular complaints accounted for a reasonable proportion of emergency visits, but many of the visits were unnecessary.
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Optometric or visual acuity assessment is an essential part of ophthalmologic examination. Visual acuity measurement serves as a tool for screening of ophthalmic disorders, as well as diagnosis and monitoring of refractive errors and other causes of reduced acuity. Persons with diabetes may experience situations which impair visual acuity, or which impact the utility of refractive visual acuity assessment. This communication shares guidance as to when and when not to perform visual acuity charting in persons with diabetes.
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About one-third of the world population is exposed to second hand smoke (SHS) with estimated 600,000 annual deaths. The objective of this article is to determine the exposure of adult Pakistani population to SHS and its association with different demographic variables based on data of Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted in 2014 in Pakistan. ⋯ Less educated males were more exposed to second-hand smoke both at work places and public places; therefore to start with interventions, work places and public places should be a priority as at home results could be confounded by self-smoking as well.
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An in-depth analysis of GATS 2014 is performed to study the various demographic determinants of smoked tobacco consumption among Pakistani adults. ⋯ Males having low education and living in rural area puts an adult Pakistani at high risk of becoming the user of smoked tobacco. Health education involving primary health care providers particularly focusing on rural areas will reduce the prevalence of smoking.