JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
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Prevalence of tobacco consumption is increasing including both smoked and smokeless tobacco. The objective of this paper is to highlight the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use, its demographic trends as well as socioeconomic determinants based on Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2014 (GATS) -Pakistan. ⋯ Males and less educated individuals should be targeted with behavioral interventions for control of SLT use. Males started SLT use at an earlier age compared to females which can result in premature morbidity and mortality in males. SLT products are cheaper compared to cigarettes, therefore, taxes need to be levied on SLT products.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of Tobacco Consumption among Adults in SAARC Countries (Pakistan, India and Bangladesh).
To compare the findings of Global adult tobacco surveys (GATS) conducted in SAARC Countries. ⋯ All the three South Asian countries have a high prevalence of tobacco consumption. Tobacco use was high in Bangladesh but smokeless tobacco among males was high in India and mean number of cigarettes daily was high in Pakistan.
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To assess the frequency and anatomical distribution of musculoskeletal pain and its related risk factors. ⋯ There was a significant risk of musculoskeletal pain for medical students.
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To investigate the prevalence and transmission risks of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections among internally displaced persons. ⋯ High prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections was found among internally displaced people.
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Optic nerve sheath diameter measurement (ONSD) has been associated with identifying the prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. The study was planned to evaluate the prognostic value of ONSD measured on the initial brain computed tomography (CT) scan performed on patients with blunt TBI in the emergency department(ED). This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised data of moderate and severe TBI patients from January to December 2014. ⋯ The mean ONSD measured on CT scan was 3.8±1. The Pearson's correlation between the severity of brain injury as per GCS at presentation and ONSD was not significant (-0.182). We concluded that ONSD measured on the initial CT brain scan had good association with the severity of blunt TBI in patients presenting to the ED.