Archivos españoles de urología
-
Rupture of the corpora cavernosum is an uncommon pathology requiring immediate treatment. We performed a bibliographic search, and analyzed different diagnostic and therapeutic methods. ⋯ Penile fracture is an uncommon pathology. Generally, history and physical examination are enough to establish the diagnosis. Penile ultrasound can help in case of doubt. Most urologists deem immediate surgery the standard therapy.
-
A systematic review is characterized by the application of the scientific method to the evaluation of scientific literature. When a systematic review uses statistical techniques to combine and summarize the results from previous studies, it is called meta-analysis. ⋯ Its greater objectivity and rigour in comparison with the traditional reviews make that meta-analysis techniques are little by little being generalized as standard instrument to evaluate scientific evidence. In this article we detail the objectives and applications of this type of studies, as well as the stages in its preparation, including the presentation of results.
-
Review Case Reports
[Bifid ureter with a blind branch as cause of unspecified abdominal pain. Report of a new case and review of the literature].
To report a case of bifid left ureter with a blind-ending branch in a 35 year-old female patient who complained of poorly defined abdominal pain. ⋯ Diagnosis is most commonly made by intravenous urography (IVU) with oblique views showing the blind-ending segment filled by retrograde uretero-ureteral reflux. However blind segment does not always fill on excretory urography and retrograde pyelography is required for diagnosis (an ectopic kidney at the distal end of the blind-ending branch should be easily seen on CT scan or ultrasonography). A voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) may be needed to demonstrate an ureteral branch with coexistent vesicoureteral reflux. Treatment is initially conservative although complications or severe symptoms require surgical excision of the blind branch together with antireflux reimplantation of the normal ureter when vesicoureteral reflux is present.
-
To review the treatment of testicular germ-cell cancer in our series. ⋯ Testicular germ-cell cancer needs a well established multidisciplinary approach, in which the role of the urologist is fundamental. Orchiectomy is the primary treatment and allows determination of the dissemination risk. Radiotherapy is very effective for localised seminomas with poor prognostic factors, and for non seminomas 2 cycles of chemotherapy seem to be an effective approach, as well as of little toxicity. We must know and apply optimised programs for observation of these tumours (stage I), and also use follow-up protocols after chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Some cases need complex surgery for residual masses resection or post chemotherapy salvage surgery in disseminated tumours (Stages II & III). Sterility treatment protocols are applied to preserve fertility.
-
To review the clinical features in our series of patients of germ-cell testicular cancer. ⋯ Seminomas clinical presentation substantially differs from that of non seminomatous testicular tumours in age, clinical features, stage and histological aggressiveness.