Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · Jan 2009
Randomized Controlled TrialEffect of remifentanil on the nonlinear electroencephalographic entropy parameters in propofol anesthesia.
Nonlinear electroencephalographic entropy parameters have been proposed for the assessment of depth of anesthesia. The influence of remifentanil, a commonly used intraoperative opioid, on these parameters, namely approximate entropy (ApEn), sample entropy (SampEn), and permutation entropy (PeEn), during induction of propofol anesthesia was studied. ⋯ No consistent influence on PeEn was observed. However, this may have been due to strong interindividual variation in PeEn values.
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · Jan 2009
Medical safety of TASER conducted energy weapon in a hybrid 3-point deployment mode.
TASER conducted energy weapons (CEW) deliver electrical pulses that can temporarily incapacitate subjects. The goal of this paper is to analyze the distribution of TASER CEW currents in the heart and surrounding organs and to understand theoretical chances of triggering cardiac arrhythmias, of capturing the vagus and phrenic nerves and producing electroporation of skeletal muscle structures. The CEW operates in either probe mode or drive-stun (direct contact) mode. There is also a hybrid mode in which current is passed from a single probe to either or both of 2 drive-stun electrodes on the weapon, presumed to be in direct contact with the skin. ⋯ Numerical modeling estimated that TASER CEWs were expected to be safe when deployed in 3-point mode. In drive-stun, probe-mode or 3-point deployments, the CEWs had high theoretically approximated safety margins for cardiac capture, VF, phrenic or vagus nerve capture and skeletal muscle damage by electroporation.
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MR guidance of high intensity focused ultrasound is evolving with each new application. In this paper we describe ongoing research in the MR-guidance aspect of MR-guided focused ultrasound. The structure is divided into the pretreatment/setup phase of the procedure, MR thermometry for monitoring the actual treatment, and methods for assessment and follow-up.
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · Jan 2009
Ultrasound guided robotic biopsy using augmented reality and human-robot cooperative control.
Ultrasound-guided biopsy is a proficient mininvasive approach for tumors staging but requires very long training and particular manual and 3D space perception abilities of the physician, for the planning of the needle trajectory and the execution of the procedure. In order to simplify this difficult task, we have developed an integrated system that provides the clinician two types of assistance: an augmented reality visualization allows accurate and easy planning of needle trajectory and target reaching verification; a robot arm with a six-degree-of-freedom force sensor allows the precise positioning of the needle holder and allows the clinician to adjust the planned trajectory (cooperative control) to overcome needle deflection and target motion. Preliminary tests have been executed on an ultrasound phantom showing high precision of the system in static conditions and the utility and usability of the cooperative control in simulated no-rigid conditions.
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · Jan 2009
Real-time estimation of the ECG-derived respiration (EDR) signal using a new algorithm for baseline wander noise removal.
Numerous methods have been reported for deriving respiratory information such as respiratory rate from the electrocardiogram (ECG). In this paper the authors present a real-time algorithm for estimation and removal of baseline wander (BW) noise and obtaining the ECG-derived respiration (EDR) signal for estimation of a patient's respiratory rate. This algorithm utilizes a real-time "T-P knot" baseline wander removal technique which is based on the repetitive backward subtraction of the estimated baseline from the ECG signal. ⋯ Test data from patients were chosen with particularly large baseline wander components to ensure the reliability of the algorithm under adverse ECG recording conditions. The algorithm yielded EDR signals with a respiration rate of 4.4 breaths/min. for Fantasia patient record f2y10 and 10.1 breaths/min. for Fantasia patient record f2y06. These were in good agreement with the simultaneously recorded respiration data provided in the Fantasia database thus confirming the efficacy of the algorithm.