Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · Jan 2012
Prediction of extubation failure for neonates with respiratory distress syndrome using the MIMIC-II clinical database.
Extubation failure (EF) is an ongoing problem in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Nearly 25% of neonates fail their first extubation attempt, requiring re-intubations that are associated with risk factors and financial costs. ⋯ From an initial list of 57 candidate features, our machine learning approach narrowed down to six features useful for building an EF prediction model: monocyte cell count, rapid shallow breathing index, fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO(2)), heart rate, PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio where PaO(2) is the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, and work of breathing index. Algorithm performance had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.871 and sensitivity of 70.1% at 90% specificity.
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · Jan 2012
Moving coil pressure algometer produces consistent force gradient and repeated stimulation.
Computer-controlled pressure stimulation (algometry) offers seemingly good reliability when it comes to pain assessment methods. It is therefore important to ensure through methodological quantification that moving coil pressure algometer (MCPA) exhibits accurate, fast, and precise tissue stimulation techniques. ⋯ Solicited force gradients of 500, 1000, and 1800 g/s showed high correlation values (R(2) > 0.99) for both rubber mat and direct probe-to-sensor contact cases. Through fast switching between different modes of operation of the actuator, force overshoot was reduced from as much as 300 to 20% for the same force magnitude, at the expense of a slight delay in repeated pulse delivery scheme.
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · Jan 2012
An elementary analysis of physiologic shock and multi-organ failure: the autodigestion hypothesis.
Physiological shock and subsequent multi-organ failure is one of the most important medical problems from a mortality point of view. No agreement exists for mechanisms that lead to the relative rapid cell and organ failure during this process and no effective treatment. We postulate that the digestive enzymes synthesized in the pancreas and transported in the lumen of the small intestine as requirement of normal food digestion play a central role in multi-organ failure. ⋯ Entry of the digestive enzymes into the wall of the intestine precipitates an autodigestion process as well as an escape of pancreatic enzymes and breakdown products generated by them into the system circulation. The consequence of autodigestion is multiorgan failure. We discuss the possibility to block the digestive enzymes in acute forms of shock as a potential therapeutic intervention.
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · Jan 2012
An implantable neural stimulator for intraspinal microstimulation.
This paper reports on a wireless stimulator device for use in animal experiments as part of an ongoing investigation into intraspinal stimulation (ISMS) for restoration of walking in humans with spinal cord injury. The principle behind using ISMS is the activation of residual motor-control neural networks within the spinal cord ventral horn below the level of lesion following a spinal cord injury. The attractiveness to this technique is that a small number of electrodes can be used to induce bilateral walking patterns in the lower limbs. ⋯ Recent acute animal experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of using ISMS to produce the coordinated walking patterns. Here we described a wireless implantable stimulation system to be used in chronic animal experiments and for providing the basis for a system suitable for use in humans. Electrical operation of the wireless system is described, including a demonstration of reverse telemetry for monitoring the stimulating electrode voltages.
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Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc · Jan 2012
Assessing traumatic brain injuries using EEG power spectral analysis and instantaneous phase.
Although mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) occurs commonly, little is known about how multiple mTBI incidents accumulate over time to produce serious morbidity or how the extent of injury can be quantified. This work presents a rat model that uses deceleration-induced brain trauma and an implantable EEG system for recording injury-induced changes in brain activity. ⋯ We found that in different frequency bands, both EEG power spectra and the instantaneous phases of the two EEG channels before the impact were different from those measured after the impact. This study shows that EEG analysis can be used as a tool to identify and assess brain related injuries.