Anesthesiology and pain medicine
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Colonoscopy is performed without preparing sedation in many countries. However, according to the current literature patients are more satisfied when appropriate sedation is prepared for them. ⋯ IV bolus injection of propofol-ketamine can lead to more patients' satisfaction than the other protocols during colonoscopy.
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Simultaneous administration of epidural local anesthetic agents (LA) and general anesthetics (intravenous or inhaled) is a common procedure in patients undergoing major operations. The effects of epidural anesthesia during combined general-epidural anesthesia on the alertness level (CGEA) in the awake phase and the doses of anesthetics have been reported. ⋯ Performing CGEA using bupivacaine was reported to reduce propofol and fentanyl doses required to maintain BIS levels between 40 and 50 considerably.
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Pain is a major problem in patients after cesarean and medication such as aromatherapy which is a complementary therapy, in which the essences of the plants oils are used to reduce such undesirable conditions. ⋯ The inhaled Lavender essence may be used as a part of the multidisciplinary treatment of pain after cesarean section, but it is not recommended as the sole pain management.
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Caesarian section is a commonplace surgery in females for which spinal anesthesia is the preferred method. The local anesthetic medications used in the surgery are often associated with complications such as nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, hypotension, and bradycardia. In the present study, we decreased the dose of the anesthetic drug and added an opioid instead. ⋯ It seems that reducing the lidocaine dose, when combined with sufentanil, decreases most complications of spinal anesthesia such as hypotension, dyspnea, nausea, and vomiting while preserving anesthesia quality.