The Journal of nutrition
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The Journal of nutrition · May 2016
National Estimates of Serum Total 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Metabolite Concentrations Measured by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in the US Population during 2007-2010.
The 2007-2010 NHANES provides the first US nationally representative serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations measured by standardized liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ⋯ Race-ethnicity differences in the prevalence of low total 25(OH)D remained strong even after adjustment for season to account for the NHANES design imbalance between season, latitude, and race-ethnicity. The strong correlation between C3-epi-25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D3 may be because the epimer is a metabolite of 25(OH)D3. The presence of 25(OH)D2 mainly in older persons is likely a result of high-dose prescription vitamin D2.
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The Journal of nutrition · Apr 2016
Randomized Controlled TrialHigh-Molecular-Weight β-Glucan Decreases Serum Cholesterol Differentially Based on the CYP7A1 rs3808607 Polymorphism in Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Adults.
β-Glucan, a soluble fiber with viscous property, has a documented cholesterol-lowering effect. The molecular weight (MW) of β-glucan, which contributes to viscosity, and an individual's genotype might influence the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of β-glucan. ⋯ The HMW β-glucan rather than LMW β-glucan reduced circulating TC effectively in mildly hypercholesterolemic adults. The cholesterol-lowering effect of β-glucan may also be determined by the genetic characteristics of an individual. These data show that individuals carrying theCYP7A1SNP rs3808607-G allele are more responsive to the cholesterol-lowering effect of β-glucan with HMW than TT carriers. This trial was registered atclinicaltrials.govasNCT01408719.
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The Journal of nutrition · Feb 2016
Associations of Plasma Phospholipid SFAs with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in Older Adults Differ According to SFA Chain Length.
Not much is known about the relations of circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs), which are influenced by both metabolic and dietary determinants, with total and cause-specific mortality. ⋯ These findings suggest that the associations of plasma phospholipid SFAs with the risk of death differ according to SFA chain length and support future studies to better characterize the determinants of circulating SFAs and to explore the mechanisms underlying these relations.
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The Journal of nutrition · Jan 2016
Randomized Controlled TrialRural Beninese Children Are at Risk of Zinc Deficiency According to Stunting Prevalence and Plasma Zinc Concentration but Not Dietary Zinc Intakes.
Three commonly recommended indicators for risk assessment of population zinc deficiency are stunting rates among children aged <5 y, prevalence of inadequate dietary zinc intake, and prevalence of low plasma zinc (PZn). Data on zinc status in Benin are mainly drawn from stunting rates and data on PZn and dietary zinc intake are lacking. ⋯ The prevalence of <5-y stunting and the prevalence of low PZn indicate that the risk of zinc deficiency is elevated in this population. Risk estimates based on the prevalence of inadequacy of zinc intakes varied depending on the EARs used, and a consensus would facilitate nutrition survey evaluations. These trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01472211 and NCT01790321.
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The Journal of nutrition · Jan 2016
Plasma 3-Epi-25-Hydroxycholecalciferol Can Alter the Assessment of Vitamin D Status Using the Current Reference Ranges for Pregnant Women and Their Newborns.
Vitamin D is critical for healthy pregnancies and normal fetal development. It is important to accurately ascertain vitamin D status in mothers and their newborns to establish the optimal vitamin D concentration during pregnancy. There are many different metabolites and epimers of vitamin D in peripheral blood and controversy as to the importance of epimers in estimating vitamin D status in maternal and infant health. ⋯ Using LC-MS/MS we showed the presence of 3-epi-25(OH)D3 in all samples of pregnant women and their cord blood, and when the 3-epimer was included in the estimation of status the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (<75 nmol/L) was significantly lower. Our data suggest that the high use of dietary supplements in this group of women contributes to 3-epi-25(OH)D3 concentrations in both maternal and cord blood. Further research on the role of the epimers in characterizing vitamin D status in pregnancy and infancy is imperative.