The Journal of nutrition
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The Journal of nutrition · Sep 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyJejunal Casein Feeding Is Followed by More Rapid Protein Digestion and Amino Acid Absorption When Compared with Gastric Feeding in Healthy Young Men.
Dietary protein is required to attenuate the loss of muscle mass and to support recovery during a period of hospitalization. Jejunal feeding is preferred over gastric feeding in patients who are intolerant of gastric feeding. However, the impact of gastric vs. jejunal feeding on postprandial dietary protein digestion and absorption kinetics in vivo in humans remains largely unexplored. ⋯ Jejunal feeding of intact casein is followed by more rapid protein digestion and AA absorption when compared with gastric feeding in healthy young men. The greater postprandial increase in circulating EAA concentrations may allow a more robust increase in muscle protein synthesis rate after jejunal vs. gastric casein feeding. This trial was registered at trialregister.nl as NTR2801.
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The Journal of nutrition · Sep 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialFood Liking Enhances the Plasma Response of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol and of Pancreatic Polypeptide upon Modified Sham Feeding in Humans.
Food palatability increases food intake and may lead to overeating. The mechanisms behind this observation are still largely unknown. ⋯ The data demonstrated that food palatability influenced some plasma endocannabinoid and N-acylethanolamine concentrations during the cephalic phase response and indicated that 2-arachidonoylglycerol and pancreatic polypeptide can be used as biomarkers of food liking in humans.
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The Journal of nutrition · Aug 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialPrenatal Iron Supplementation Reduces Maternal Anemia, Iron Deficiency, and Iron Deficiency Anemia in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Rural China, but Iron Deficiency Remains Widespread in Mothers and Neonates.
Previous trials of prenatal iron supplementation had limited measures of maternal or neonatal iron status. ⋯ Prenatal iron supplementation reduced anemia, ID, and IDA in pregnant women in rural China, but most women and >45% of neonates had ID, regardless of supplementation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02221752.
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The Journal of nutrition · Jul 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialCalcium Plus Vitamin D Supplementation During the Third Trimester of Pregnancy in Adolescents Accustomed to Low Calcium Diets Does Not Affect Infant Bone Mass at Early Lactation in a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Pregnancy and lactation in adolescents with low calcium intake may impair fetal growth and infant bone mass. ⋯ Calcium and vitamin D supplementation of the adolescents studied resulted in higher fetal body weight at 36 wk of gestation and had no effect on infant bone mass at 5 wk postpartum. Because correlations between maternal and infant bone mass were evident only in the placebo group, infant bone mass appeared to be more dependent on maternal skeletal mass when calcium intake was low. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01732328.
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The Journal of nutrition · Feb 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialIncreased whole grain consumption does not affect blood biochemistry, body composition, or gut microbiology in healthy, low-habitual whole grain consumers.
Whole-grain (WG) foods have been suggested to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, but studies are inconsistent and effects on cardiovascular risk markers are not clear. ⋯ A combination of dietary advice and provision of commercially available food items enabled subjects with a low-moderate habitual consumption of WG to substantially increase their WG intake, but there was little effect on blood biochemical markers, body composition, BP, fecal measurements, or gut microbiology. This trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN36521837.