Scientific reports
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Reduced levels of biomarkers of exposure in smokers switching to the Carbon-Heated Tobacco Product 1.0: a controlled, randomized, open-label 5-day exposure trial.
In addition to smoking cessation, for those who would otherwise continue to smoke, replacing cigarettes with less harmful alternatives can reduce the harms of smoking. Heating instead of burning tobacco reduces, or eliminates, the formation of harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHC) that are found in cigarette smoke. The Carbon-Heated Tobacco Product (CHTP), a heat-not-burn tobacco product, mimics the cigarette smoking ritual. ⋯ Our results provide evidence of decreased exposure to 15 selected HPHCs in smokers switching from cigarettes to exclusive CHTP use. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02503254; Date of first registration: 20/07/2015 https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02503254. Study protocol Study protocol published at: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ProvidedDocs/54/NCT02503254/Prot_000.pdf .
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Assessment of the effects of sugammadex on coagulation profiles using thromboelastographic parameters.
This study evaluated the effects of sugammadex at conventional doses of 2 and 4 mg/kg on the coagulation profile by analyzing thromboelastographic parameters and performing a traditional laboratory coagulation analysis. A total of 100 patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into the 2 mg and 4 mg groups. ⋯ Sugammadex 4 mg/kg also prolonged R time, although the value was within the normal range. Therefore, physicians should be cautious with the higher sugammadex dose, particularly in patients with a high risk of bleeding because the higher dose was associated with less coagulation. Trial registration: KCT0002133 (https://cris.nih.go.kr).
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Physical deterioration and adaptive recovery in physically inactive breast cancer patients during adjuvant chemotherapy: a randomised controlled trial.
Cardiorespiratory fitness is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and shortened life expectancy in breast cancer survivors. This randomised controlled trial (n = 153) was designed for patients with a physically inactive lifestyle prediagnosis and concurrently referred to adjuvant chemotherapy. We compared two 12-week exercise interventions aimed at physiological and patient-reported outcomes (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, metabolic markers, physical activity, pain, fatigue), including a 39-week follow-up. ⋯ A composite metabolic score improved significantly. Positive cardiorespiratory fitness responders had improved clinical effects on fatigue, pain and dyspnoea versus negative responders. We conclude that a loss of cardiorespiratory fitness among physically inactive breast cancer patients may be restored by early initiated interventions and by adapting to physical activity recommendations, leading to a decreased cardiovascular risk profile in breast cancer survivors.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Does Erector Spinae Plane Block Have a Visceral Analgesic Effect?: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
The visceral analgesic efficacy of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is still a matter of debate. This study attempted to investigate the visceral analgesic efficacy of ESPB in clinical setting. After randomized, we performed ultrasound-guided bilateral rectus sheath block (RSB), which was aimed to prevent postoperative somatic pain on all patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). ⋯ Pain severity was lower in the ESPB group at 6-hours postoperatively. The significantly reduced opioid consumption in ESPB group may imply that while preliminary and in need of confirmation, ESPB has potential visceral analgesic effect. Therefore, performing ESPB solely may be feasible in inducing both somatic and visceral analgesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Alleviation of migraine symptoms by application of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation to myofascial trigger points of neck and shoulder muscles - A randomized trial.
Migraine is a burdensome disease with an especially high prevalence in women between the age of 15 and 49 years. Non-pharmacological, non-invasive therapeutic methods to control symptoms are increasingly in demand to complement a multimodal intervention approach in migraine. Thirty-seven subjects (age: 25.0 ± 4.1 years; 36 females) diagnosed with high-frequency episodic migraine who presented at least one active myofascial trigger point (mTrP) in the trapezius muscles and at least one latent mTrP in the deltoid muscles bilaterally prospectively underwent six sessions of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) over two weeks. ⋯ The MIDAS score decreased significantly from 29 to 13 points (p = 0.0004) in the trapezius and from 31 to 15 points (p = 0.002) in the deltoid group. Thus, rPMS applied to mTrPs of neck and shoulder muscles offers a promising approach to alleviate headache frequency and symptom burden. Future clinical trials are needed to examine more profoundly these effects, preferably using a sham-controlled setting.