Scientific reports
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Comparing efficacy of intraarticular single crosslinked Hyaluronan (HYAJOINT Plus) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) versus PRP alone for treating knee osteoarthritis.
Intraarticular hyaluronan or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA). The efficacy of combined hyaluronan with PRP remained inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of combined a single crosslinked hyaluronan (HYAJOINT Plus) and a single PRP versus a single PRP in patients with knee OA. ⋯ Combined injections of HYAJOINT Plus and PRP achieved better VAS pain reduction than a single PRP at 6 months. The results indicating a long term benefit effect of a combination of HYAJOINT Plus and PRP in a particular subset of patients with moderate knee OA need to be replicated in larger trials. ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT04315103.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
An abluminal biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent versus a durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent in patients undergoing coronary revascularization: 3-year clinical outcomes of a randomized non-inferiority trial.
The Cordimax stent has proved non-inferior to the Cypher Select durable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent for the primary endpoint of angiographic in-stent late luminal loss and in-stent mean diameter stenosis at 9 months. The trial was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of the Cordimax stent with the Xience V stent in patients undergoing coronary revascularization. This randomized, multicenter trial enrolled 3697 patients treated with Cordimax stent (2460 patients) and Xience V stent (1237 patients). ⋯ The incidence of target lesion revascularization was low in Cordimax group compared with Xience V group (3.6% versus 5.1%, P = 0.03). There were no differences between Cordimax and Xience V in terms of Cardiac death (0.3% versus 0.4%, P = 0.70), myocardial infarction (1.2% versus 0.9%, P = 0.37), and the stent thrombosis (0.4% versus 0.6%, P = 0.61). In conclusion, safety and efficacy outcomes of Cordimax stent were non-inferior to the Xience V stent 3 years after stent implantation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
An open-label randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine in severe COVID-19 patients.
Despite several studies designed to evaluate the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is still doubt about the effects of these drugs, especially in patients with severe forms of the disease. This randomized, open-label, controlled, phase III trial assessed the efficacy of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for five days in combination with standard care compared to standard care alone in patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19. Chloroquine 450 mg BID on day 1 and 450 mg once daily from days 2 to 5 or hydroxychloroquine 400 mg BID on day 1 and 400 mg once daily from days 2 to 5 were administered in the intervention group. ⋯ In patients with severe COVID-19, the use of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine added to standard treatment resulted in a significant worsening of clinical status, an increased risk of renal dysfunction and an increased need for invasive mechanical ventilation. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04420247. Registered 09 June 2020-Retrospectively registered, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT04420247 .
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Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors provide a survival advantage over conventional therapies for treatment of advanced or metastatic cancer. However, the factors determining which patients benefit the most from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are unknown, making treatment-related decisions difficult. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of acquired data to assess the efficacy and toxicity of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in advanced and metastatic cancer. ⋯ The main estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for OS and PFS were 0.76 (0.71-0.82) and 0.81 (0.73-0.89) in a random-effects model. The anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor group had a significantly high risk for all-grade immune-related adverse events. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were identified as a preferable treatment option for advanced or metastatic cancer patients who are male, aged < 65 years, current or former smokers, had no CNS or liver metastasis, had not EGFR mutation, and had high PD-L1 expression.
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Hereditary transthyretin-mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis is an underdiagnosed, progressively debilitating disease caused by mutations in the transthyretin (TTR) gene. V122I, a common pathogenic TTR mutation, is found in 3-4% of individuals of African ancestry in the United States and has been associated with cardiomyopathy and heart failure. To better understand the phenotypic consequences of carrying V122I, we conducted a phenome-wide association study scanning 427 ICD diagnosis codes in UK Biobank participants of African ancestry (n = 6062). ⋯ Our findings show that V122I carriers are at increased risk of polyneuropathy. These results also emphasize the underdiagnosis of disease in V122I carriers with a significant proportion of subjects showing phenotypic changes consistent with hATTR amyloidosis. Greater understanding of the manifestations associated with V122I is critical for earlier diagnosis and treatment.