The Pan African medical journal
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human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is evolving into a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where the burden of HIV remains high. Atherosclerosis underlie progression to CVD. We therefore examined the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis and its association with traditional and non-traditional risk factors for CVD in Nigerian HIV-infected adults. ⋯ the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis among HIV-infected adults is high in Nigeria. It is significantly associated with increasing age and hypertension. Traditional CVD risk factors such as dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus and obesity were not associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in this population.
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The intense global efforts are directed towards development of vaccines to halt the COVID-19 virus pandemic. There are 160 candidate vaccines under clinical trials across the world using different molecular targets and techniques. ⋯ We feel that the fundamental principles of ethics: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice should not be violated in this hastened vaccine development process. We recommend constitute a Consortium on a global platform to formulate, provide and monitor a comprehensive ethical umbrella to the process of vaccine development.
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metabolic steatopathy or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is frequently associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with an increased risk of progression to advanced fibrosis. The purpose of our study was to determine the interest of hepatic steatosis index (HSI) in the detection of hepatic steatosis in patients with type 2 diabetes in order to establish an appropriate screening program of this disease in our population. ⋯ hepatic steatosis is common among our patients; it is correlated with dyslipidemia, obesity and hypertriglyceridemia.
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Bee sting injuries to the eye are relatively uncommon. The outcomes of corneal bee sting injuries are highly variable, and there is no consensus on the management at the time of initial presentation. We report a case of a 17-year-old male with a corneal bee sting injury that significantly improved in the acute stage without any treatment, which to the best of our knowledge is the first report in the literature documenting the natural history of a corneal bee sting injury in the acute stage.
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Bird fancier's disease falls within the spectrum of hypersensitivity pneumonitis secondary to immuno-allergic reaction to avian antigens. This occurs only rarely in children. It is found in two-thirds of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. ⋯ The patient received inhaled corticosteroids associated with avoidance of exposure to birds. After a follow-up of 2 months, outcome was favorable. Given that the signs of bird fancier's disease are non-specific, this should be suspected in patients with respiratory symptoms associated with exposure to avian antigens.