Frontiers in neurology
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Frontiers in neurology · Jan 2018
Psychological Resilience Is Associated With Participation Outcomes Following Mild to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes physical and cognitive-behavioral impairments that reduce participation in employment, leisure, and social relationships. Demographic and injury-related factors account for a small proportion of variance in participation post-injury. Personal factors such as resilience may also impact outcomes. ⋯ Resilience was a significant predictor of higher participation, along with shorter PTA duration, more years since injury, higher education and IQ, and younger age. Mediation analyses revealed depression mediated the relationship between resilience and participation. As greater resilience may protect against depression and enhance participation this may be a focus of intervention.
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Frontiers in neurology · Jan 2018
Functional Connectivity of Anterior Insula Predicts Recovery of Patients With Disorders of Consciousness.
Background: We hypothesize that the anterior insula is important for maintenance of awareness. Here, we explored the functional connectivity alterations of the anterior insula with changes in the consciousness level or over time in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) and determined potential correlation with clinical outcomes. Methods: We examined 20 participants (9 patients with DOC and 11 healthy controls). ⋯ Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the recovery of consciousness is associated with an increased connectivity of the dAI to IPL and temporal pole. This possibly highlights the role of the insula in human consciousness. Moreover, longitudinal variations in dAI-IPL and dAI-temporal pole connectivity may be potential hallmarks in the outcome prediction of DOC patients.
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Frontiers in neurology · Jan 2018
Direct Bypass Surgery Vs. Combined Bypass Surgery for Hemorrhagic Moyamoya Disease: A Comparison of Angiographic Outcomes.
Objective: Extracranial-intracranial bypass is currently recognized as the optimal treatment for hemorrhagic-type moyamoya disease (MMD) which reduces incidence of rebleeding. Recent studies have reported the advantage of combined bypass over direct bypass for the general MMD patients. However, the effect of direct bypass and combined bypass surgery specifically for hemorrhagic-type MMD had not been investigated yet. ⋯ Conclusion: Combined bypass surgery and direct bypass surgery offered similar revascularization for hemorrhagic MMD. Bypass patency and dural angiogenesis both contributed to revascularization independently. The potential of indirect bypass to grow new vessels in hemorrhagic-MMD patients was generally limited, but dural leaflets offered better neoangiogenesis than STA grafts and was therefore recommended for surgical revascularization of hemorrhagic MMD.
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Frontiers in neurology · Jan 2018
Associative Increases in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Survival Duration With Non-invasive Ventilation Initiation and Usage Protocols.
Objective: It is hypothesized earlier non-invasive (NIV) ventilation benefits Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients. NIV typically consists of the removable bi-level positive airway pressure (Bi-PAP) for adjunctive respiratory support and/or the cough assist intervention for secretion clearance. Historical international standards and current USA insurance standards often delay NIV until percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC %predict) is <50. ⋯ Time elapsed since ALS onset is not a good predictor of when NIV should be initiated. Conclusions: The "optimized" NIV protocol (Bi-PAP initiation while FVC %predict ≥80, Bi-PAP usage >8 h/day, daily cough assist usage) has a 30. 8 month survival median, which is double that of a "standard" NIV protocol (initiation FVC %predict <50, usage >4 h/day, no cough assist). Earlier access to Bi-PAP and cough assist, prior to precipitous respiratory decline, is needed to maximize NIV synergy and associative survival benefit.
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Frontiers in neurology · Jan 2018
Case ReportsMultidrug Resistant Brain Abscess Due to Acinetobacter baumannii Ventriculitis Cleared by Intraventricular and Intravenous Tigecycline Therapy: A Case Report and Review of Literature.
Objective: Ventricular infection from multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is one of the most severe complications of craniotomy. However, the availability of effective therapeutic options for these infections is limited. Thus, this report aims to describe the efficacy of abscess clearance by intraventricular and intravenous tigecycline therapy in managing patients with multidrug-resistant A. baumannii ventriculitis after neurosurgery. ⋯ A good clinical outcome was achieved in all eight patients with multidrug-resistant A. baumannii meningitis/ventriculitis treated with CVI and/or IVT tigecycline, and any relevant complications were not observed. Conclusions: CVI and IVT tigecycline and IVT colistin could be considered as the first-line therapy in patients with ventricular infections from MDR/extreme drug-resistant A. baumannii. However, more studies should be conducted to confirm our observation.