Frontiers in physiology
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Frontiers in physiology · Jan 2019
The Effects of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure on Transpulmonary Pressure and Recruitment-Derecruitment During Neurally Adjusted Ventilator Assist: A Continuous Computed Tomography Study in an Animal Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
Whether spontaneous breathing (SB) should be used in early acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is questioned because it may cause ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) by tidal high strain/stress and recruitment/derecruitment (R/D). However, SB has shown beneficial effects when used appropriately. We hypothesized that high levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), during assisted SB, would prevent tidal R/D, reducing ventilatory variation and respiratory rate while potentially increasing transpulmonary pressure (P TP). The aim was to test this hypothesis in experimental mild ARDS during continuous SB using neurally adjusted ventilator assist (NAVA) and uninterrupted computed tomography (CT) exposure. ⋯ This study shows that injurious phenomena like R/D and high P TP are present in NAVA at the two extremes of the PEEP spectrum. Willing to titrate PEEP to limit these phenomena, the physician must choose the best compromise between restraining the R/D or P TP.
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Frontiers in physiology · Jan 2019
Effects of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation on Strength-, Sprint-, and Jump Performance in Moderately Trained Young Adults: A Mini-Meta-Analysis of Five Homogenous RCTs of Our Work Group.
Background: Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) gained increasing interest in sports within recent years. However, few intervention studies have examined the effects of WB-EMS on trained subjects in comparison to conventional strength training. Objective: The aim of the present mini-meta-analysis of 5 recently conducted and published randomized controlled WB-EMS trails of our work group was to evaluate potentially favorable effects of WB-EMS in comparison to conventional strength training. ⋯ Conclusion: We conclude that WB-EMS is a feasible complementary training stimulus for performance enhancement. However, additional effects on strength and power indices seem to be limited and sprint and jump-performance appear to be benefiting only slightly. Longer training periods and more frequent application times and a slightly larger stimulus could be investigated in larger samples to further elucidate beneficial effects of WB-EMS on performance parameters in athletes.
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Frontiers in physiology · Jan 2018
High-Intensity Interval Training Performed by Young Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is as a time-efficient alternative to moderate- or low-intensity continuous exercise for improving variables related to endurance and anaerobic performance in young and adolescent athletes. Objectives: To assess original research about enhancement of endurance and anaerobic exercise performance in young and adolescent athletes performing HIIT. Method: Relevant articles published in peer-reviewed journals were retrieved from the electronic databases PubMed and SPORTDiscus in December 2017. ⋯ With HIIT, most variables related to endurance improved to a higher extent, compared to alternative training protocols. However, based on ES, HIIT did not show clear superiority to the alternative training protocols. Nevertheless, young athletes may benefit from HIIT as it requires less time per training session leaving more time for training sport specific skills.
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Frontiers in physiology · Jan 2018
Combination of Agility and Plyometric Training Provides Similar Training Benefits as Combined Balance and Plyometric Training in Young Soccer Players.
Introduction: Studies that combined balance and resistance training induced larger performance improvements compared with single mode training. Agility exercises contain more dynamic and sport-specific movements compared with balance training. Thus, the purpose of this study was to contrast the effects of combined balance and plyometric training with combined agility and plyometric training and an active control on physical fitness in youth. ⋯ The BPT group showed small (30 m sprint), moderate (hand grip MVIC, ICODTwithout a ball) and large ES [agility (4 m × 9 m) test, CMJ, standing stork balance test, Y-balance] improvements, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, both training groups provided significant improvements in all measures. It is recommended that youth incorporate balance exercises into their training and progress to agility with their strength and power training.
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Frontiers in physiology · Jan 2018
Comparative Expression of Renin-Angiotensin Pathway Proteins in Visceral Versus Subcutaneous Fat.
Body fat distribution contributes to obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Visceral fat is more detrimental than subcutaneous fat. However, the mechanisms underlying visceral fat-mediated cardiometabolic dysregulation are not completely understood. ⋯ This differential expression may not alter AngII but likely increases Ang1-7 generation in visceral fat. These potential differences in active angiotensin peptides and receptor expression in the two depots suggest that localized RAS may not be involved in differences in visceral vs subcutaneous AT function in obese individuals. Our findings do not support a role for localized RAS differences in visceral fat-mediated development of cardiovascular and metabolic pathology.