South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde
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Spinal anaesthesia is the method of choice for caesarean section. There is however a significant associated morbidity and mortality in South Africa, particularly in inexperienced hands. This review provides recommendations for safe practice for anaesthetists at all levels of expertise, with particular reference to the management of haemodynamic instability.
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Review Case Reports
Intracardiac air--the 'hospital killer' identified? Case reports and review of the literature.
Venous access is an essential part of caring for the sick neonate. The primary problem with catheters, whether peripherally or centrally placed, is the difficulty in maintaining them, the development of phlebitis and systemic infection, and fluid extravasation. A lesser known complication is the development of venous air embolism (VAE), as described in the 4 cases presented. ⋯ We should take full responsibility for equipment, the connections, the infusate and the monitoring thereof. Unfortunately, the prognosis for this condition remains poor and it is unclear whether an increased awareness of this condition would influence outcome. Manufacturers of intravenous fluids should produce products devoid of air in order to reduce the risk of venous air embolism.
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Editorial Review
Violence in the world and in South Africa--what is a doctor to do?