Nihon Geka Gakkai zasshi
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Overall five-year survival of Childhood rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is reported to be 70% in the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRSG), however, the figure in Japan is almost 15% lower than that of IRSG. Treatment regimen of RMS essentially depends on the histology of the tumor, site, preoperative staging and postoperative grouping that leads to the risk classification. VAC is a standard chemotherapeutic regimen for low and intermediate risk group. Clinical trial with CPT-11 or high dose chemotherapy are underway for high risk RMS.
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Nihon Geka Gakkai zasshi · Jun 2005
Review[Review and evaluation of limited resection for early lung cancer].
Limited resection for early lung cancer has been associated with significantly higher local recurrence rates based on previous reports such as those from lung cancer study groups. On the other hand, a few groups demonstrated that patients with small peripheral cancer who undergo limited resection have comparable survival rates with those who undergo lobectomy. Recent advances in radiologic investigation and pathologic analysis have broadened the indications for limited resection. ⋯ Although limited resection is still controversial intentional segmentectomy for localized bronchioloalveolar carcinoma or less than 20 mm or less in diameter may be recommended without evidence-based medicine. It is important to accumulate further evidence clarifying the survival and function benefits of limited resection. New therapeutic modalities for limited surgery for small-sized lung cancer may increase patient life expectancy.
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Arrhythmia is the most common perioperative cardiac complication during noncardiac surgery. Most perioperative arrhythmia is benign, but fatal arrhythmia can occur, requiring emergency care. Arrhythmia is divided into tachycardia and bradycardia. ⋯ Hypertensive heart disease or valvular heart disease can lead to atrial fibrillation or supraventricular tachycardia. Although patients may not have cardiac disease, hypoxia, hypovolemia, electrolyte disturbance, acidosis, and hypothermia can also cause arrhythmia. Patients with pacemakers or implantable cardiodefibrillators (ICDs) are affected by electric cauterization, which interferes with the sensing and inhibits the pacing of pacemakers as well as ICDs If this occurs, the mode of pacemakers and ICDs must be reset during surgery.
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Nihon Geka Gakkai zasshi · Mar 2005
Review[Therapy of acute pulmonary thromboembolism from the physician's standpoint].
The therapy of acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APTE) is based on the clinical grade and ranges from ambulant therapy with anticoagulation, to thrombolysis, inferior vena cava (IVC) filtration, and catheter thrombectomy. In the absence of contraindications, initial treatment of APTE should consist of parenteral anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin. Long-term anticoagulation therapy, usually with warfarin, should be administered according to the individual risk profile of the patient. ⋯ Relative indications for IVC filters that require individualized decision making include proximal DVT, especially with free-floating thrombi or in patients with limited cardiopulmonary reserve. For patients with massive APTE with contraindications to anticoagulation or in whom anticoagulation is uneffective, transcatheter aspiration with catheterization or fragmentation using a guidewire and rotating pig-tail catheter can be used. In addition, cardiopulmonary management such as supplemental oxygen, catecholamine administration, percutaneous cardiopulmonary support, etc. may be necessary for individual patients.
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Nihon Geka Gakkai zasshi · Mar 2005
Review[Pulmonary embolectomy for acute massive pulmonary thromboembolism].
Acute pulmonary thromboembolism is a frequently lethal and acute-onset in-hospital complication after surgery. Absolute indications for surgical embolectomy are acute massive pulmonary embolism with deep shock, refractory circulatory collapse, and continuous hypoxemia. Although thrombolytic therapy is indicated for patients with pulmonary thromboembolism with right ventricular overload, it is contraindicated for patients after major surgery or with stroke due to the high risk of rebleeding. ⋯ Pulmonary embolectomy relieves the right ventricular overload, and immediate restoration of right ventricular function contributes to the recovery of hemodynamics. A recent study revealed improved outcome for massive pulmonary embolism with early diagnosis with multidetector-row computed tomography, risk stratification using echocardiography, and surgical embolectomy. Surgical pulmonary thromboembolectomy should be considered for critically ill patients with massive pulmonary thromboembolism.