NeuroImage. Clinical
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NeuroImage. Clinical · Jan 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialEffects of high- and low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor recovery in early stroke patients: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial with clinical, neurophysiological and functional imaging assessments.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can modulate cortical excitability, and may be beneficial for motor recovery after stroke. However, the neuroplasticity effects of rTMS have not been thoroughly investigated in the early stage after stroke. ⋯ HF- and LF-rTMS can both improve motor function by modulating motor cortical activation in the early phase of stroke.
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NeuroImage. Clinical · Jan 2019
Examining resting-state functional connectivity in first-episode schizophrenia with 7T fMRI and MEG.
Schizophrenia is often characterized by dysconnections in the brain, which can be estimated via functional connectivity analyses. Commonly measured using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in order to characterize the intrinsic or baseline function of the brain, fMRI functional connectivity has significantly contributed to the understanding of schizophrenia. However, these measures may not capture the full extent of functional connectivity abnormalities in schizophrenia as fMRI is temporally limited by the hemodynamic response. ⋯ In fMRI, patients demonstrated hyperconnectivity between subcortical and auditory networks, as well as hypoconnectivity between interhemispheric homotopic sensorimotor network components. In MEG, patients demonstrated hypoconnectivity between sensorimotor and task positive networks in the delta frequency band. Results not only support the dysconnectivity hypothesis of schizophrenia, but also suggest the importance of jointly examining multimodal neuroimaging data as critical disorder-related information may not be detectable in a single modality alone.
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NeuroImage. Clinical · Jan 2019
Modeling grey matter atrophy as a function of time, aging or cognitive decline show different anatomical patterns in Alzheimer's disease.
Grey matter (GM) atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is most commonly modeled as a function of time. However, this approach does not take into account inter-individual differences in initial disease severity or changes due to aging. Here, we modeled GM atrophy within individuals across the AD clinical spectrum as a function of time, aging and MMSE, as a proxy for disease severity, and investigated how these models influence estimates of GM atrophy. ⋯ Effects of time, aging and MMSE all explained variance in GM atrophy slopes within individuals. Associations with MMSE were weaker than those for time or age, but specific for amyloid pathology. This suggests that at least some of the atrophy observed in time or age models may not be specific to AD.
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NeuroImage. Clinical · Jan 2019
Altered grey matter volume, perfusion and white matter integrity in very low birthweight adults.
This study examined the long-term effects of being born very-low-birth-weight (VLBW, <1500 g) on adult cerebral structural development using a multi-method neuroimaging approach. The New Zealand VLBW study cohort comprised 413 individuals born VLBW in 1986. Of the 338 who survived to discharge, 229 were assessed at age 27-29 years. ⋯ Within the VLBW group, birthweight was positively correlated with GM volume and perfusion in cortical and subcortical regions, as well as FA and AD across numerous principal WM tracts. Between group differences within temporal cortices were evident across all imaging modalities, suggesting that the temporal lobe may be particularly susceptible to disruption in development following preterm birth. Overall, findings reveal enduring and pervasive effects of preterm birth on brain structural development, with individuals born at lower birthweights having greater long-term neuropathology.
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NeuroImage. Clinical · Jan 2019
Resting-state functional connectivity predicts individual language impairment of patients with left hemispheric gliomas involving language network.
Language deficits following brain tumors should consider the dynamic interactions between different tumor growth kinetics and functional network reorganization. We measured the resting-state functional connectivity of 126 patients with left cerebral gliomas involving language network areas, including 77 patients with low-grade gliomas (LGG) and 49 patients with high-grade gliomas (HGG). Functional network mapping for language was performed by construction of a multivariate machine learning-based prediction model of individual aphasia quotient (AQ), a summary score that indicates overall severity of language impairment. ⋯ The rsFC regions predictive of LGG's AQ involved the bilateral frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, subcortical regions, and bilateral cerebro-cerebellar connections, mainly in regions belonging to the canonical language network. The functional network of language processing for HGG patients showed strong dependence on connections of the left cerebro-cerebellar connections, limbic system, and the temporal, occipital, and prefrontal lobes. Together, our findings suggested that individual language processing of glioma patients links large-scale, bilateral, cortico-subcortical, and cerebro-cerebellar functional networks with different network reorganizational mechanisms underlying the different levels of language impairments in LGG and HGG patients.