Medicine and law
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The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia issued several decisions concerning the protection of patients' rights (e.g. decisions on involuntary commitment, on access to health care, on rights related to obligatory and voluntary health insurance). Consequently, the Parliament renewed Health Legislation by the enactment of the Patients' Rights Act (February 2008) and of the Mental Health Act (July 2008). ⋯ The discussion is focused on the due process rights (e.g. equal protection of rights, right to judicial protection, right to legal remedies, legal guarantees in proceedings related to deprivation of personal liberty) that were in particular addressed by the Court. The results demonstrate that their effective implementation was one of the most important demands that the Legislature had to accommodate when enacting new bills.
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Medical disputes have been increasing in recent years in China, which cause growing tension between doctors and patients. In many locations, it has started as a practice of exploring diversified dispute settlement methods. ⋯ Those have contributed to a rapid effective resolution of medical disputes. However, there are some deficiencies that need to be addressed and fixed up, thus calling for improvement, such as the lack of a sustainable supporting mechanism, unclear legal status of the mediation institutions and mediation agreements, patching up a quarrel by only compensation.
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Abortion is unlawful in Ireland except where it is necessary to save the life of the mother. The right to life of the unborn child is safeguarded under Article 40.3.3 degrees of Bunreacht na hEireann (the Irish Constitution). ⋯ This paper commences with discussion of the statutory prohibition on abortion and the Constitutional provisions concerning the protection afforded to the unborn child. It will then be necessary to examine the implications for Ireland of recent European Court of Human Rights' decisions, in particular the recent judgment in A, B & C v Ireland, regarding the right to legal abortions given the unique nature of the legal status of the ECHR and its relationship with the Irish Constitution.
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Clinical exercises include questions about a physician's behaviour, decision making process, values, rights and responsibilities, as much as the scientific-technical questions concerning the disease. Some of these questions may be easily answered, for there are well-constructed activity options that have found widespread acceptance regarding what has to be done. However, it is quite difficult to answer the questions with problematic options, or the ones on which a compromised attitude is not present. ⋯ It has started to be questioned more, and as a result, the problems experienced about patient consent in medical applications created new ethical dilemmas. Informed consent is acknowledged to be the most essential constituent of patient rights today. In this paper, after introducing a general overview of the significance and requirements of informed consent, we will consecutively discuss the decision making and informed consent process, legal arrangements concerning this issue in Turkey, the approaches of physicians and patients towards the topic, and regarding informed consent, we will discuss the responsibilities of hospital ethics committees.
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In terms of South African legislation, all health research on human participants must be submitted to an accredited research ethics committee for independent ethics review. Health research covers a broad spectrum of research, including clinical trials. ⋯ Special attention is given to the conduct of clinical trials. In conclusion, it is submitted that the National Health Act, the Draft Regulations Relating to Research on Human Subjects, and two sets of ethical guidelines adopted by the Department of Health provide a much needed and coherent ethical-legal framework for research in South Africa.