Frontiers in neuroscience
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Frontiers in neuroscience · Jan 2020
Auditory Brainstem Response to Paired Click Stimulation as an Indicator of Peripheral Synaptic Health in Noise-Induced Cochlear Synaptopathy.
A defect in the cochlear afferent synapse between the inner hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons, after noise exposure, without changes in the hearing threshold has been reported. Animal studies on auditory evoked potentials demonstrated changes in the auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements of peak I amplitude and the loss of synapses, which affect the temporal resolution of complex sounds. Human studies of auditory evoked potential have reported ambiguous results regarding the relationship between peak I amplitude and noise exposure. Paired click stimuli have been used to investigate the temporal processing abilities of humans and animals. In this study, we investigated the utility of measuring auditory evoked potentials in response to paired click stimuli to assess the temporal processing function of ribbon synapses in noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy. ⋯ The result from this study suggests that in animal studies, the ABR to paired click stimuli along with peak I amplitude has potential as an assessment tool for hidden hearing loss.
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Frontiers in neuroscience · Jan 2020
Initial Experience of Challenge-Free MRI-Based Oxygen Extraction Fraction Mapping of Ischemic Stroke at Various Stages: Comparison With Perfusion and Diffusion Mapping.
MRI-based oxygen extraction fraction imaging has a great potential benefit in the selection of clinical strategies for ischemic stroke patients. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a challenge-free oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) mapping in a cohort of acute and subacute ischemic stroke patients. Consecutive ischemic stroke patients (a total of 30 with 5 in the acute stage, 19 in the early subacute stage, and 6 in the late subacute stage) were recruited. ⋯ Significant differences among the three stroke stages were only observed in the absolute OEF (F = 6.046, p = 0.005) and relative OEF (F = 5.699, p = 0.009) values of the ischemic core, but not in other measurements (absolute and relative CMRO2, CBF, ADC values, all values of p > 0.05). In conclusion, the challenge-free QSM + qBOLD-generated OEF mapping can be performed on stroke patients. It can provide more information on tissue viability that was not available with CBF and ADC and, thus, may help to better manage ischemic stroke patients.
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Frontiers in neuroscience · Jan 2020
Olfactory Dysfunction Predicts Disease Progression in Parkinson's Disease: A Longitudinal Study.
Olfactory dysfunction (hyposmia) is an important non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). To investigate the potential prognostic value of hyposmia as a marker for disease progression, we prospectively assessed clinical manifestations and longitudinal changes of hyposmic PD patients and normosmic ones. ⋯ Our prospective study demonstrated that hyposmic PD patients showed a relatively worse clinical course compared with normosmic patients. Olfactory dysfunction is a useful predictor of disease progression.
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Frontiers in neuroscience · Jan 2020
The Effect and Optimal Dosage of Dexmedetomidine Plus Sufentanil for Postoperative Analgesia in Elderly Patients With Postoperative Delirium and Early Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: A Single-Center, Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial.
Postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) are common complications after major surgery among elderly patients. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is less frequently explored for its effects in patients with postoperative neurocognitive disorders. This study investigated the effect and optimal dosage of DEX for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) on POD and early POCD after major surgery among elderly patients. ⋯ The continuous infusion of DEX 200 μg or DEX 400 μg in PCA significantly decreased the incidence of POD and early POCD after major surgery without increasing any side effects. Compared with DEX 200 μg, DEX 400 μg was preferred for reducing early POCD in patients who underwent open surgery.
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Frontiers in neuroscience · Jan 2020
Neuroprotective Effect of Low-Intensity Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation in Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury Rats.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a kind of severe brain injury characterized with a high incidence rate and a high disability rate. Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (LITUS) is a promising neuroprotective method for improving the functional prognosis of TBI. The fractional anisotropy (FA) value and mean diffusivity (MD) value can be sensitive to abnormal brain structure and function and can thus be used to evaluate the effect of LITUS on TBI. ⋯ The MD values in the LITUS treatment group were significantly higher in the early stage than that in the TBI group (adjusted P = 0.0167) and significantly lower at the following time points than in the TBI group. In conclusion, daily treatment with LITUS for 10 min effectively improved the brain damage in the Controlled Cortical Impact (CCI)-caused TBI model. FA and MD values can serve as evaluation indicators for the neuro-protective effect of LITUS.