Frontiers in neuroscience
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Frontiers in neuroscience · Jan 2021
ReviewTrigeminal Nerve Control of Cerebral Blood Flow: A Brief Review.
The trigeminal nerve, the fifth cranial nerve, is known to innervate much of the cerebral arterial vasculature and significantly contributes to the control of cerebrovascular tone in both healthy and diseased states. Previous studies have demonstrated that stimulation of the trigeminal nerve (TNS) increases cerebral blood flow (CBF) via antidromic, trigemino-parasympathetic, and other central pathways. Despite some previous reports on the role of the trigeminal nerve and its control of CBF, there are only a few studies that investigate the effects of TNS on disorders of cerebral perfusion (i.e., ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury). In this mini review, we present the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of trigeminal nerve control of CBF, the anatomic underpinnings for targeted treatment, and potential clinical applications of TNS, with a focus on the treatment of impaired cerebral perfusion.
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Frontiers in neuroscience · Jan 2021
An Improvement of Survival Stratification in Glioblastoma Patients via Combining Subregional Radiomics Signatures.
To investigate whether combining multiple radiomics signatures derived from the subregions of glioblastoma (GBM) can improve survival prediction of patients with GBM. ⋯ The multiregional radiomics nomogram exhibited a favorable survival stratification accuracy.
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Frontiers in neuroscience · Jan 2021
Acute Recreational Noise-Induced Cochlear Synaptic Dysfunction in Humans With Normal Hearing: A Prospective Cohort Study.
The objective of the study was to identify the acute high-intensity recreational noise-induced effects on auditory function, especially the cochlear synaptopathy-related audiological metrics, in humans with normal hearing. ⋯ In young adults with normal hearing, we found the self-compared decrement of ABR wave I amplitudes at 1 day post acute recreational noise exposure at high intensity, which also contributes to the change in speech perceptual ability in noisy backgrounds. This study indicated that auditory electrophysiological metric changes might be a more sensitive and efficient indicator of noise-induced cochlear synaptic dysfunction in humans. More attention should be paid to the recreational noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy and auditory perceptual disorder.
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Frontiers in neuroscience · Jan 2021
Markers of Central Neuropathic Pain in Higuchi Fractal Analysis of EEG Signals From People With Spinal Cord Injury.
Central neuropathic pain (CNP) negatively impacts the quality of life in a large proportion of people with spinal cord injury (SCI). With no cure at present, it is crucial to improve our understanding of how CNP manifests, to develop diagnostic biomarkers for drug development, and to explore prognostic biomarkers for personalised therapy. Previous work has found early evidence of diagnostic and prognostic markers analysing Electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillatory features. ⋯ Transferable machine learning classifiers achieved over 80% accuracy discriminating between groups of participants with chronic SCI based on only a single EEG channel as input. The most significant finding is that future and chronic CNP share common features and as a result, the same classifier can be used for both. This sheds new light on pain chronification by showing that frontal areas, involved in the affective aspects of pain and believed to be influenced by long-standing pain, are affected in a much earlier phase of pain development.
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Frontiers in neuroscience · Jan 2021
The Evoked Compound Action Potential as a Predictor for Perception in Chronic Pain Patients: Tools for Automatic Spinal Cord Stimulator Programming and Control.
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a drug free treatment for chronic pain. Recent technological advances have enabled sensing of the evoked compound action potential (ECAP), a biopotential that represents neural activity elicited from SCS. The amplitudes of many SCS paradigms - both sub- and supra-threshold - are programmed relative to the patient's perception of SCS. The objective of this study, then, is to elucidate relationships between the ECAP and perception thresholds across posture and SCS pulse width. These relationships may be used for the automatic control and perceptually referenced programming of SCS systems. ⋯ We provide evidence that the ET varies across both different positions and varying pulse widths and suggest that this variance may be the result of postural dependence of the recording electrode-tissue spacing. ET-informed SCS holds promise as a tool for SCS parameter configuration and may offer more accuracy over alternative approaches for neural and perceptual control in closed loop SCS systems.