Frontiers in immunology
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Frontiers in immunology · Jan 2021
Observational StudyParoxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity in Severe Anti-N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis: A Single Center Retrospective Observational Study.
Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is a disorder with excessive sympathetic activity commonly recognized in patients with acquired brain injury. Autonomic instability is frequent in anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARE). However, PSH in anti-NMDARE has gained little attention. ⋯ The incidence of PSH in severe anti-NMDARE patients was as high as 50%. Patients with PSH demonstrated prolonged NICU stay, hospital stay and increased duration of mechanical ventilation, while no effect on hospital mortality and functional outcome. Clinicians should be aware of the distinctive characteristics and treatment options of PSH in severe anti-NMDARE.
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Frontiers in immunology · Jan 2021
Anti-BCMA CAR-T Cell Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma Patients With Extramedullary Disease: A Single Center Analysis of Two Clinical Trials.
The prognosis of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients with the extramedullary disease was significantly poor. Extramedullary multiple myeloma (EMM) patients gained limited benefits from traditional drugs. Anti-B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy seems to be a promising approach to treat RRMM patients. However, very few clinical studies are designed for EMM. Our study aimed to compare and assess the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of anti-BCMA CAR-T cell therapy in EMM and non-EMM. ⋯ http://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR-OPC-16009113 and ChiCTR1800018137.
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Frontiers in immunology · Jan 2021
High Levels of Circulating IL-8 and Soluble IL-2R Are Associated With Prolonged Illness in Patients With Severe COVID-19.
The coordinated immune response of the host is the key of the successful combat of the body against SARS-CoV-2 infection and is decisive for the development and progression of COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the immunological phenotype of patients are associated with duration of illness in patients with severe COVID-19. ⋯ The significant association of duration of illness with circulating levels of IL-8 and soluble IL-2Rα in patients with severe COVID-19 implicates that neutrophils and T cells are involved in the evolution of COVID-19.
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Frontiers in immunology · Jan 2021
The mRNA-1273 Vaccine Induces Cross-Variant Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 With Distinct Profiles in Individuals With or Without Pre-Existing Immunity.
mRNA-based vaccines effectively induce protective neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19. Yet, the kinetics and compositional patterns of vaccine-induced antibody responses to the original strain and emerging variants of concern remain largely unknown. Here we characterized serum antibody classes and subclasses targeting the spike receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 wild type and α, β, γ and δ variants in a longitudinal cohort of SARS-CoV-2 naïve and COVID-19 recovered individuals receiving the mRNA-1273 vaccine. ⋯ In these individuals, secondary immunization resulted in a slight reduction of IgG1 against the receptor-binding domain of β and γ variants. Despite the lack of recall humoral response, vaccinees with pre-existing immunity still showed higher titers of IgG1 and IgA to all variants analyzed compared to fully vaccinated naïve individuals. Our findings indicate that mRNA-1273 vaccine triggered cross-variant antibody responses with distinct profiles in vaccinees with or without pre-existing immunity and suggest that individuals with prior history of SARS-CoV-2 infection may not benefit from the second mRNA vaccine dose with the current standard regimen.
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Frontiers in immunology · Jan 2021
Longitudinal Profiling of Antibody Response in Patients With COVID-19 in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Beijing, China.
The novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which elicits a wide variety of symptoms, ranging from mild to severe, with the potential to lead to death. Although used as the standard method to screen patients for SARS-CoV-2 infection, real-time PCR has challenges in dealing with asymptomatic patients and those with an undetectable viral load. Serological tests are therefore considered potent diagnostic tools to complement real-time PCR-based diagnosis and are used for surveillance of seroprevalence in populations. ⋯ Furthermore, the majority of cases could achieve IgM and IgG seroconversion at 2 weeks since the disease onset. Analysis of neutralizing antibodies indicated that these responses were able to last for more than 112 days but decline significantly after the peak. In summary, our findings demonstrate the longitudinally dynamic changes in antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2, which can contribute to the knowledge of humoral immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection and are informative for future development of vaccine and antibody-based therapies.