Frontiers in immunology
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Frontiers in immunology · Jan 2021
TANK-Binding Kinase 1 (TBK1) Serves as a Potential Target for Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Enhancing Tumor Immune Infiltration.
Numerous cancer types present the aberrant TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) expression, which plays an important role in driving inflammation and innate immunity. However, the prognostic role of TBK1 and its relationship with immune cell infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. ⋯ The up-regulated expression of TBK1 may be useful in predicting poor prognosis of patients with HCC. In addition, TBK1, which promotes the HCC immunosuppressive microenvironment, may be a potential immunotherapeutic target for patients with HCC.
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Frontiers in immunology · Jan 2021
The BCMA-Targeted Fourth-Generation CAR-T Cells Secreting IL-7 and CCL19 for Therapy of Refractory/Recurrent Multiple Myeloma.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology has revolutionized cancer treatment, particularly in malignant hematological tumors. Currently, the BCMA-targeted second-generation CAR-T cells have showed impressive efficacy in the treatment of refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma (R/R MM), but up to 50% relapse remains to be addressed urgently. ⋯ The two patients achieved a CR and VGPR with Grade 1 cytokine release syndrome only 1 month after one dose of CAR-T cell infusion, and the responses lasted more than 12-month. Taken together, BCMA-7 × 19 CAR-T cells were safe and effective against refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma and thus warranted further clinical study.
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Frontiers in immunology · Jan 2021
Inflammation and Platelet Activation After COVID-19 Vaccines - Possible Mechanisms Behind Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis.
Introduction of vaccines against COVID-19 has provided the most promising chance to control the world-wide COVID-19 pandemic. However, the adenovirus-vector based Oxford/AstraZeneca [ChAdOx1] (AZ) and Johnson & Johnson [Ad26. CoV2. ⋯ No difference in neither the PF4 antibody level nor the proportion of individuals with positive PF4 antibodies were observed between the vaccine groups. This is the first study to report enhanced inflammation, platelet activation and thrombin generation following AZ vaccination compared to mRNA vaccination in a head-to-head comparison. We speculate that specific components of the AZ adenovirus vector may serve as initial trigger(s) of (hyper)inflammation, platelet activation and thrombin generation, potentially lowering the threshold for a cascade of events that both trigger complications related to excessive inflammation, platelet and coagulation activation as observed in epidemiological studies and promote development of VITT when combined with high-titer functionally active PF4 antibodies.
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Frontiers in immunology · Jan 2021
CD4+CD25+CD127-Foxp3+ and CD8+CD28- Tregs in Renal Transplant Recipients: Phenotypic Patterns, Association With Immunosuppressive Drugs, and Interaction With Effector CD8+ T Cells and CD19+IL-10+ Bregs.
Gaps still exist regarding knowledge on regulatory cells in transplant recipients. We studied the phenotypic patterns of CD4+, CD8+CD28- Tregs, and CD19+IL-10+ Bregs in the blood of healthy controls (HC), end-stage kidney disease patients (ESKD), early and late stable renal transplant recipients (Tx), and transplant recipients with steroid-treated acute cellular rejection 1 week-3 months after successful treatment. We also investigated the relationship between immunosuppressive drugs and the aforementioned regulatory cells in transplant recipients. ⋯ These findings suggest that CD19+IL-10+ Bregs and CD4+CD25+CD127-Foxp3+ Tregs behave in opposite ways during the early posttransplant period, possibly due to a predominant negative impact of high doses of immunosuppressants on Tregs. CD19+IL-10+Bregs do not seem to be suppressed by antibody induction and early potent immunosuppression with chemical drugs.