Vox sanguinis
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To test whether an acute transfusion practice of packed red blood cells (pRBC) : fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) 1 : 1 would be associated with reduced mortality in acute bleeding multiply injury. ⋯ An association between pRBC : FFP transfusion ratios and mortality to favour early aggressive FFP administration was observed. Further investigation is necessary prior to recommending routine 1 : 1 or more aggressive FFP use in exsanguinating patients.
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Analysis of haemoglobin (Hb) dilution after bleeding is a simple, inexpensive and non-invasive method to estimate blood loss. Blood volume is estimated, taking sex, weight and height into account. The Hb concentration before and after blood loss is analysed and, from the difference, the blood loss volume can be calculated assuming a normovolemic subject. Although widely used this method has never been validated. ⋯ The Hb dilution method underestimates the true blood loss by more than 30% after a moderate blood loss of approximately 10% of the total blood volume.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Complement split products and proinflammatory cytokines in intraoperatively salvaged unwashed blood during hip replacement: comparison between heparin-coated and non-heparin-coated autotransfusion systems.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the quality of shed blood collected in a new intraoperative autotransfusion system (Sangvia, AstraTech, Sweden) and to study whether heparin-coated surfaces in the device reduce the production of inflammatory mediators. ⋯ The present study indicates that the blood salvaged intraoperatively contains elevated levels of complement split product and proinflammatory cytokines and that heparin-coated surfaces of the salvage device do not significantly influence the formation of inflammatory mediators.
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Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) is used for haemophilic patients with inhibitors against coagulation factor VIII or IX, but there is also an off-label use of rFVIIa for patients with massive bleeding. The aim of the present study was to review the randomized clinical trials (RCT) for evidence of such an approach. ⋯ There is little evidence to support routine use of rFVIIa for patients with massive bleeding based on the results of the randomized trials performed. In patients with a normal haemostatic system, administration of rFVIIa may be associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events.
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Controlled Clinical Trial
Effectiveness and safety of tranexamic acid administration during total knee arthroplasty.
The administration of tranexamic acid (TA) is associated with a decrease in the number of red blood cell (RBC) units transfused. However, concerns about its safety have hindered its broader use. ⋯ Routine administration of TA during total knee arthroplasty to patients without history of thromboembolic disease is associated with a 67% reduction in RBC transfusions and, in those transfused, with a reduction in the number of units administered. TA treatment was not associated with an increase in thromboembolic complications. Transfusion costs are significantly reduced.